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regeneration Flashcards

1
Q

What are near places

A

Places that are close to us

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2
Q

Far Places

A

Places that are distant

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3
Q

What are experienced places

A

Places with emotional attachment to it

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4
Q

What are media places

A

Places that have been learned about through media

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5
Q

What are the 4 types of functions

A

-Administrative - places where there are decisions about infrastructure made
-Commercial - TNCs are based there
-Retail
Industrial - based on secondary sector

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6
Q

What are Insiders

A
  • Native citizenship to an area
  • Fluent in language, and learn idioms
  • conformed to common traits learned there
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7
Q

What are Outsiders

A

opposites to insiders
- don’t belong to main ethnic group = ethnic minority
- general unfamiliarity

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8
Q

What is clustering

A

An area adapting to the majority culture that has come to an area

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9
Q

What is a perspective

A

How a place is perceived and it may be perceived differently depending on if it changes eg changing for multiculturalism eg Chinatown

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10
Q

What are the 4 economic structure

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
    -Tertiary
  • Quaternary
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11
Q

The Clarke-Fisher Model

A

Pre-Industrial - Mainly Primary few Secondary
-Industrial - Mainly Secondary few primary
-rural to urban migration better quality of life
-Post-Industrial - WAY less primary few secondary LOADS of Tertiary and quaternary - more disposable income, holidays tech

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12
Q

What are Endogenous Factor

A

Features of a place
- Land use
- Topography - relief and lie of land
- Physical Geography - eg waterfalls
-Infrastructure - services roads, phone networks, libraries
- Demography
- Location - landlocked, near coasts
-Economic Characteristics

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13
Q

What are Exogenous Factors

A

Links to other places
- people
- money and investment
- resources
-ideas

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14
Q

Reasons why characteristics of a place may change

A

How close it is to large cities
Migration
TNCs relocating
Economy
Role of planning - restructuring the economy

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15
Q

How can change be measured

A
  • Land use changes reduction in abandoned land
  • Employment Trends - decrease in unemployment
  • Demographic Changes - migration
  • Economic - money produced
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16
Q

What is an index which can measure deprivation

A

Index of Multiple Deprivation

17
Q

How can inequalities be caused

A

Occupational Hazards eg mining = fumes
Income - ability to pay for private healthcare/some incomes are seasonal
Affordability of food - eg eating mcdonalds bc its cheaper
Educational Achievement = able to get better jobs

18
Q

Examples of Regeneration

A

-For infrastructure - transport of goods HS2 connects All UK hubs eg London, Brum, Manny, Leeds £43bil m 60K jobs

Infrastructure - Heathrow 3rd Runway £20bil 70K jobs but more pollution and traffic
- Retail - Liverpool Water
- Cultural - Carni Notting Hill
- Construction and Sustainable Communities

19
Q

What types of governments/players can be involved in regeneration projects

A
  • Local Councils - attract businesses
    DEFRA - improving coastlines
    Department Culture, Media and Sport - oversaw the London Olympic Park regeneration
  • UK trade or Investment
20
Q

Examples of Infrastructure Regeneration and what are the benefits or costs

A

HS2 and 3rd runway of Heathrow
Benefits - more jobs (HS2=60K HA=70K)
- better transport (HS2 LND,MANC,LEEDS)

Costs - can be expensive (HS2 £43bn HA £20bn)
-unsustainable (HA = more CO2 emissions)
- risky as longterm projects can have circumstances change overtime eg bc of inflation materials may be more expensive

21
Q

Why are more Suburban new builds

A

More houses needed for growing population

  • Lack of social housing basically due to Thatcher ‘Right to Buy’ means council houses could be bought for cheap = less council houses bc they all got bought
  • Loads of empty houses bc companies buy this waiting until they get permission to use it so it just sits there until theyre allowed
  • Overseas investors - Buying summerhomes bc of their investor visa but dont use the house all times
  • Buy to let eg ppl buying houses just to rent like an airbnb
22
Q

funfact how much is the government spending on housing benefits

A

25bn or 10% of welfare budget

23
Q

Pros of housing construction

A

-helps decrease a housing crisis in the UK
-construction jobs created
-building in suburbs = building near opportunistic cities
-loads of different types of housing

24
Q

Cons of housing construction

A
  • unsustainable - if on greenfield = destroys habitats on brownfields = noise pollution
  • no projects to improve previously existing social housing
  • called affordable when it isnt
25
Q

What is the trickle down theory

A

Basically the multiplier effect
- invest into businesses
- higher wages
-use wages on other businesses
- taxes from businesses go into infrastructure

26
Q

What are the benefits of gentrification

A

encourages more inner city development in order to attract wealthy investor causing a trickle down effect

27
Q

What is gentrification in geography

A

When urban area rapidly changes over a short amount of time from low value to high value displacing residents as the areas rent increases due to an increase in value

28
Q

What are pros about gentrification

A
  • economic growth bc of trickle down theory
  • new facilities and improvement to environment around due to more investment
29
Q

What are cons about gentrification

A
  • all high value houses = excludes ppl
  • no social housing
30
Q

What is Cultural Regeneration and give examples

A

Improving an area by making it seem more attractive to investors using culture
- East London for the Olympics
-Glasgow, Blackpool to increase tourism

31
Q

What are benefits of cultural regeneration

A
  • Sustainable using disused land and improving it
  • More jobs, more tourism, better reputation, more diversity
32
Q

What are Cons of cultural regeneration

A
  • No immediate benefits
33
Q

What is rural regeneration and what are examples

A

Isolated parts of the country being improved
- Bronte Country - a village closes linked to english lit has a bunch of tourists, hosted the Tour de France and has a 1940s weekend

  • The Eden Project - development in Cornwall
  • made £700mil for local economy and will provide geothermal energy for 7K homes
  • Kielder Forest- Campsite that attracts tourists all year round esp winter for stargazing
34
Q

How can the government contribute to regeneration

A

-Migration = more employment but more strain on public services

-Deregulating Markets - increases austerity

-Industry parks or Special Economic Zones

35
Q

How can regeneration be measured

A

-Economic - Employment rates, GDP

-Social - Life expectancy, less applicants for social housing, literacy rates

  • Environment - less pollution, more abandoned land utilised
  • Sustainability - CO2 emissions, greenfield/brownfield use

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