super powers Flashcards
What are the 4 pillars of superpowers
Economic
Military
Political
Cultural
physical/human resources
What does hard power consist of
- Military Action
- Embargoes
- Sanctions
- Debt
What does soft power consist of
- Culture
- Alliances
-FDI
What is Mackinders Heartland theory
- geo - strategic
- a lot of physical resources
- alot of human resources
What does Wallerstein World System consist of colonialism
Core regions
- control global trade
- manufacturing
Periphery
- labour for core nations
- sells primary resources
What does Rostow’s modernisation theory consist of
Traditional - based on primary
Pre-Conditioned for take off - more infrastructure = secondary economy developing
Take off - Rapid Industrialisation less laws to protect environments
Drive to Maturity - improving jobs, more tax and multiplier effect
High Mass consumptions - disposable agreement
What are critiques of Rostow’s theory
- based on USA and EU economies
- based on capitalist
eg Zimbabwe corruption/ war
What are the different types of polarity
Unipolar eg British Empire
Bipolar eg USA and USSR
Multipolar BRICS
What were positives of Colonialism specifically the British Empire
- Railways to transport good
-English eg India is the 2nd largest - Education
What are negatives of Colonialism specifically the British
- Neo-colonial theory - crops grown were sold at a lower cost and soil is infertile
- Struggled to have their own government as they depended on The Empire
-Discriminatory laws like apartheid
What happened when empires collapsed
- empires went bankrupt
- anti colonial movements
What is Neo-Colonialism
Exploitation of developing countries for resources
dependence of former colonies onto other countries post independence
China gives infrastructure to Mozambique for their fishing rights and invested $40bn
IMF for austerity
What does Frank’s Dependency Model show
