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health, human rights and intevention Flashcards

1
Q

How can development be measured

A

GDP shows mean wealth via income

Life Expectancy

Literacy Rate - quality of education

Infant Mortality Rate

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2
Q

What are examples of the more complicated indices of development (measure more than one factor)

A
  • Happy Planet Index = life expectancy + ecological footprint + wellbeing
  • KOF Index of Globalisation = social + economic + political factors
    -World Happiness Index - = generosity + corruption + social support
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3
Q

What are the top 5 countries on the Human Development Index

A

Norway, Switzerland, Australia, Ireland, Germany

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4
Q

What may be the reasons for Norway, Switzerland, Australia and Ireland and Germany scoring high on the HDI

A
  • large economies with a large quaternary sector
  • cities/towns have a strong infrastructure with electricity and clean water
  • free education with accessible opportunities to uni/work/apprenticeships
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5
Q

Who scores highest on the Happy Planet Index which covers life expc + ecological footprint + wellbeing

A

Costa Rica
Mexico
Colombia
Vanuatu
Vietnam

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6
Q

Why does Costa Rica, Mexico, Colombia, Vanuatu and Vietnam score so highly on the HPI scale

A

Costa Rica abolished army and reinvested into education
in 2015 - 99% of its resources was produced using renewable sources

-Vietnam - reduced poverty and inequality with high life expectancy

-Norway was the highest scoring EU country free edu, free healthcare, high employment, strong sense of community

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7
Q

What countries have the highest and lowest literacy rates

A

Best 100%
- Finland
- Norway
-Poland

below 40%
- Chad
- Sudan
- Niger

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8
Q

Evaluate the literacy rate

A
  • may be unreliable as this is measured by the country itself so it may be a lie
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9
Q

What is western development

A
  • equal rights
  • democracy
  • capitalism
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10
Q

Why may some countries not want to adopt western ideals

A
  • Unsustainable - uses a lot of resources
  • Most Western countries are atheist
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11
Q

What different types of governance are there

A
  • Sharia Law
    -Communism
  • Authoritarian
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12
Q

What type of governance does the Sharia Law include

A

eg Saudi Arabia

-Very strict on womens rights
- death penalty

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13
Q

What type of law does Bolivia have

A

-Model of Sustainability
- Mother Nature has rights which is the up most importance to the world
- Weapons of mass destruction to be removed
- Nature most be restored again

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14
Q

What type of governance is caused by Communism

A
  • industries are state owned
  • no competition
  • one party
    eg China but Open - Door policy caused FDi and fastest growing economy
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15
Q

What type of governance is caused by Authoritarian governments

A
  • Questioning government is illegal
  • Dictatorship
  • Limited Freedom of Speech
    eg North Korea
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16
Q

What is health like in developing nations

A
  • Poor healthcare due to lack of investment
  • No food
  • No clean water
  • Diseases = tropical weather = tropical diseases eg Malaria
  • High levels of poverty
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17
Q

What is health like in the developed world

A
  • Clean water
  • Disposable income
  • high life expectancies eg Japan
  • good diet

-Obesity, Cancer and Diabetes
- Natural disasters
- Densely populated cities = viruses

18
Q

Variations in health across a country example

A

UK North/South Divide
- higher life expectancy
- Higher economic activity

19
Q

Why has life expectancy improved

A
  • More wealth = can buy a gym membership
  • Safety in the workplace
    -More tertiary/quaternary jobs = sit down jobs
20
Q

Why has life expectancy decreased

A
  • Economic decline - deindustrialisation
  • Culture - going pub
  • Densely Populated cities more viruses
21
Q

Why may there be inequality within a population

A
  • gender - men do more dangerous jobs
  • race
  • ethnicity - indigenous land being in rural areas away from cities
  • socio - economic status = higher educat = low risk job
22
Q

What is the importance of education

A

Primary - can read instructions on medicine bottles, understand SexED

Further
- skilled
- skilled enough for quaternary

23
Q

What may be a barrier to education

A
  • Gender inequality due to religious beliefs
24
Q

What are the different approaches to improving social development

A

Welfare State = focus on disadvantaged groups

Authoritarian = military = control also poor can join military

IGOS - economic development

25
Q

What is 1 example of an IGO

A

The UN

26
Q

3 examples of the Millennium Development Goals

A
  • Eradicate Poverty
    ppl living on $ a day has halved
    -Universal Primary Education
    2/3 of the illiterate are women
  • Gender Equality
  • Reducing Infant Mortality
  • Environmental Sustainability
    1.9bil more have access to clean water
    yet climate change is still a threat
27
Q

3 examples of Sustainable Development Goals

A
  • Peace
  • No poverty
  • Good jobs
    -More infrastructure
  • Renewable energy
28
Q

Evaluate the Universal Declaration of Human rights

A
  • in 1948 30 articles about freedom and justice

+ used as global law across all countries

  • Ethnocentric
  • China says economic growth first thennn human rights
29
Q

Evaluate the European Convention of Human Rights

A

+ laws for the whole continent to follow

  • undermines sovereignty as there’s a “higher law”
30
Q

What is the Geneva Convention

A

laws in place about war
protecting civilians and prisoners of war

+ global law

  • countries just break this eg British soldiers in Iraq torturing prisoners of war in 2006
31
Q

What are alternative views to human rights

A
  • non developed non western countries prioritise economic growth
32
Q

Why is Political Corruption bad

A
  • 5% of global GDP is lost to corruption
  • could be used on infrastructure
  • less trust between people and government
  • bribery could be used to break laws
33
Q

Examples of cultural shifts that have caused more equality

A
  • Saudi Arabia - 016 women were allowed to drive
  • Malala - shot for being outspoken about women’s rights then received a Nobel Peace Prize

Pakistan - rank 2nd worst gender equality globally

gave 5.2K girls scholarships with US aid and trained 9K of them

34
Q

What types of Aid is there

A

Development Aid - subsides or infrastructure help

Trade Embargoes - restrict movement of goods

Military Aid - with conflict

Disaster Aid - after natural hazards

35
Q

Types of Interventions

A
  • Loss of Aid
  • Lost of FDI
  • Military Aid - things can be more unstable after
36
Q

Pros and cons of the military on development

A

Pros
- peacekeepers help build infrastructure
- can be good for pollical stability

Cons
- Dependency
- Conflict destroying infrastructure

37
Q

Pros and Cons of Military on human rights

A

Pros
- remove dictators
- less conflicts due to presence

Cons
- limited influence cant stop arranged marriages
- loss of human rights can occur anyways

38
Q

How might Military Intervention be helpful

A
  • High quality of life
  • Sometimes long self help schemes are run by NGOs
    -The influence of actual government intervention is more convincing
39
Q

How may Military Intervention be unhelpful

A
  • westernised so dont understand other countries
  • stupid abt aid like bring pork aid to muslims
  • are only top down `
40
Q
A

geo (7 decks)

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