Water Flashcards

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1
Q

When does a polar covalent bond form?

A

When atoms join in a bond but do not have equal electronegativity. One desires electrons more resulting a partial negative charge and the other recieves a partial positive charge.

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2
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule that contains unequal sharing of electrons

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3
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A partial positive and a partial negative charge come together to join two polar molecules. weaker than both ionic and covalent bonds.

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4
Q

Important properties of water include…

A

1) Cohesion (attraction of one water molecule to another) and adhesion (attachment to anything other than water)
2) Temperature moderation (absorbs heat from warm air and releases it to cool)

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5
Q

Heat

A

Measure of the toal kinetic energy of a body. (Volume dependant)

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6
Q

Temperature

A

Average kinetic energy of all molecules (volume independant)

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7
Q

Calorie

A

Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1 degree celcius.

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8
Q

Specific heat

A

The amount of energy need to raise the temperature of 1g of substance by 1 degree celcius.

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9
Q

Why does water have a much higher heat capacity compared to other substances?

A

Hydrogen bonding (before the heat can be absorbed hydrogen bonds must be broken)

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10
Q

Evaporation of a substance is a form of what?

A

Temperature moderation (the hotter molecules are released and the substance becomes cooler because of this loss)

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11
Q

Water is an excellent…

A

Solvant (it can dissolve many ionic compounds)

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12
Q

Why does ice float in liquid water?

A

Each water molecule forms 4 hydrogen bonds resulting in a crystal lattice. Since liquid water is continuously breaking and reforming hydrogen bonds water that is frozen is a much more stable structure and therfore less dense.

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13
Q

Solvant

A

Dissolving agent (usually water)

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14
Q

Solute

A

Dissolved substance

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15
Q

Solution

A

Combination of both a solvant and a solute to form a homogenous mixture. (aqueous solutions are those in which water is the solvant)

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16
Q

How do non-ionic molecules react with water?

A

Participate is hydrogen bonding with water molecules

17
Q

How do hydrophyllic substances react with water?

A

They have an affinity for water and if the molecules happen to be too big they will form a colloid and suspend the particles within the liquid.

18
Q

How do hydrophobic substances react with water?

A

They have zero affinity for water because they are non-ionic and non-polar.

19
Q

Acids

A

Dissociate in water and release h+ ions resulting in a lower pH.

20
Q

Bases

A

Dissociate in water releasing OH- ions resulting in a higher pH.