Basic Chemistry Flashcards
Importance of carbon
Carbon is apart of all organic compounds, it has the ability to form large diverse molecules, main constitute of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
What elements form all complex macromolecules?
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur
What did Stanley Miller do?
He is responsible for showing that non-living synthesis of organic compounds was possible in the early stages of earth.
Which gas was not included in Stanley Millers experiment?
oxygen
Carbon chains can be…
Striaght, Branched, Ring and contain double bonds
Hydrocarbon
A molecule consisting of only hydrogen and carbon. They are hydrophobic because of their non-polar covalent bonds. Participate in reactions that produce high amounts of energy.
Isomer
An isomer is a molecule with the same formula but a different structure. 1) cis/trans isomer 2) Structural isomer 3) Enanitomers
Structural Isomers
Differ in covalent arrangement of atoms ex) straight vs branched
Cis/Trans isomers
Spatial arrangement of atoms differs. Cis isomers the two X’s are on the same side and in a trans isomer the X’s are on the opposite side of the double bond.
Functional groups
Framework for complex organic molecules.
Hydroxyl group
OH- (alcohol) Polar and forms hydrogen bonds with water easily.
Carbonyl group
C=O (ketones and aldehyde)
Amino group
H-N-H (amines)
Sulfhydral group
-SH (thiols)
Phosphate group
P bonded to 4 oxygen molecules (organic phosphate)
