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Chemistry > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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0
Q

Bonding in water

A

Oxygen is 1s2 2s2 2p4
Two unpaired electrons hydrogen has 2 lone pairs of electrons
Capable of forming a max
Hydrogen bonds form everywhere

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1
Q

Water

A

Hydrogen bonding to one another
Charge distribution
Electronegativity of oxygen
Molecules bent geometry give rise to a dipole

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2
Q

Dissociation

A 
Constant motion
Vibrations
Stretching
Shortening of a bond 
Closer together
Instant
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3
Q

Cont

A

Bonds stretch so it forms new 0 h bond
Dative covalent
Creates 2 new species has electrical charge - hydroxonium ion

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4
Q

Cont

A

Dissociation auto ionisation
Abbreviated
Room temp
Reach equilibrium

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5
Q

Acid and bases

A

Acid - substance which hydrogen ions by dissociation
Hcl is strong acid dissociates in water
Physical states of substance are denoted by g - gas aw - aqueous

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6
Q

Cont

A

Bases which can extract proton
Free hydrogen ions
Bases dissociated in water m. Strong bases
Ammonia is weak base

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7
Q

Ph as measure of acidity

A

Molar conc of hydroxonium ions
Ph= - log10 [h]
Hydrogen ion conc in mol dm-3

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8
Q

Calculating ph of water

A

Degree of dissociation measure by equilibrium constant

Ratio concentration dissociated ions to the I dissociated molecules

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9
Q

Conc

A

Conc of water is constant as it equivalent to the density of water
Pure water exists in form of ions
Kw is constant at certain temp

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10
Q

Weak acid and bases dissociated in water

A

Weak acids partially with water gives hydroxonium ion weak base react to give hydroxide ions.
Dissociation is constant
Equilibrium constant for decomposition

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11
Q

Cont

A

Acid dissociation is constant, weak acid reaches equilibrium with conjugate base.
Base dissociation is equilibrium conjugate acid

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12
Q

Buffers

A

Metabolic cells results in production of acids
Lactic acid is produced in muscle tissue
Proteins a d enzyme required constant ph

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13
Q

Buffers

A

Blood has narrow limits
Minimise changes in ph
Resist changes
Mixtures of weak acids or bases and salts

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14
Q

Buffers

A

The water molecule and hydroxonium ion formed are conjugate acid base pair
Equal
Ph less than 7 is acid

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15
Q

Buffers

A

Base in form of hydroxide ion

Preventing the rise in ph

16
Q

Henderhassel Bach

A

Composed a specific conjugate acid - base
Maintain through its buffering
Ha/a-

17
Q

Life in water

A

Solids which easily dissolve in water form ions because they charged ion
Interact with polar water molecules
Organic molecule
Polar covalent bonds

18
Q

Cont

A 
Hydroxyl group is highly polar 
Strongly attracts water molecules
The high solubility of sugars 
Organic molecules as alcohols
Doubly bonded to an oxygen atom
19
Q

Cont

A 
Functional group are called carboxyl if acids
Hydrogen is polar
Hydrogen has free h ions
Dissociating losing a proton to water 
Base in accepting the proton
20
Q

Amino acids

A 
Did sociable group
Predominantly proton acted 
Physiological ph 7 
Carboxyl group will dissociated 
Amino group will be protonated
21
Q

Controlling cellular ph

A

7 is neutral
Radic effects on biological molecules
Organisms can control its internal ph
Buffer against ph changes

22
Q

Summing up

A

Water is diplomolar which undergoes hydrogen bonding

Water forms hydroxonium ion

23
Q

Biological buffers

A 
Affect acidity
App rotate rate 
Ph of the reaction medium can be controlled
Groups of atoms
Charged or neutral
Has significant effect
24
Q

Cont

A

Cells and the fluids surrounding the cells
Ph of blood is 7.35
To protect against ph change causes by acidic or basic metabolise

25
Q

Cont

A

Unit is extreme
When a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium the system will adjust to relieve the stress - le Charliers principle

26
Q

Cont

A

The dihydrogen phosphate / hydrogen phosphate system
Internal fluid of all cells
Hydrogen ion donor ( acid)
Hydrogen ion acceptor (base)

27
Q

Cont

A

The ability of a compound to act as a buffer at a given ph
It will accept and donate protons
Buffers are most effective

28
Q

Cont

A

The carbonic acid/ hydrogen carbonate system - blood plasma, equilibrium buffers ph

Chemistry (13 decks)

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