Energy And Life Flashcards
Energy and life
Photosynthesis is endogenic and unfavouble process with positive free energy change.
Organic molecules release free energy
Energy and life
Chloroplast of plants are green so light is harvested into chemical energy stored as ATP.
Sugars and aa are produced
Process of photosynthesis makes 165 billion carbs
Cont
Low entropy in an increasing disorder
Breaking organic molecules down to release energy
Organisms extract and transfer energy
Stafford evolve chemical reactions of oxidation and reduction
Oxidation and reduction
Oxidation was reaction or combination with oxygen
Reduction is reaction or combination with hydrogen
Cells oxidise sugars
Cont
Glucose is oxidise by bonding to oxygen.
Redox reactions involve transfer in all electrons.
Half reactions
Oxidation and reduction described as 2 half equations
They are linked
They have a redox couple
Redox potential
Loss an gain of electrons Measure the redox potential Conc of reactants and products Measured in volt Reduction of pyruvates to lacte is redox
Free energy and redox potential
Measure an electron in its order
Derivation the free energy is calculated directly from the electron by its Nernst equation.
Electrons transfer
Obtaining energy for life
Molecules that accept or donate electrons and can be reduced or oxidised and refers to electron carriers. A series of different electron carriers form an electron transport chain
Cont
Low redox potential. Have lower affinity
Electrons pass down chain.
Reduction of oxygen in the reaction was high exergonic and spontaneous. Energy is mostly heat and sound.
Cont
The subcellular organelle mitochrondrion carrys out an analogous process whereby a series of electron carriers have a controlled pathway.
Count
Electron transport chain is generated in the cell catabolic pathways and is oxidised and two e are lost b
The oxidation of Nadh with relatively low redox potential.
What happens to free energy
Electron carrier shown i linear fashion
Redox couple with redox potential
Becomes positive free energy is oxidised
Negative free energy is synthesised to atp
Cont
The oxidative phosphorylation process is part of oxidation steps that have synthesis o ATP b
Summing up
Oxidation removes electrons
All redox is made of 2 half equations
Negative E0 indicates tendenacy of reaction in direction of oxidation
Electrons transfer from a low redox potential to a high redox potential
