War On Home And Foreign Fronts Flashcards
Year of Confederate conscription Act
1862
Number of Secretaries of State and secretaries of war under Davis
4 state, 6 war
Jefferson Davis military experience
Fought in Mexican War
Roles of Judah Benjamin in Confed gov
First Secretary of Justice, then War, then State
Number of Confederate cabinet members serving from start to end
Only 3
Reasons for Benjamin’s success in cabinet (2)
Prepared to take responsibility
Very close relationship to Davis
Number of employees in Confederate War Department
57,000 civilians
Longest serving Confed War secretary
James Seddon, Nov 1862-Feb 1865
Number of Confed Congressmen in U.S. Congress
1/3 of 267
N New to Confed after 1863 Congressional Election (%)
40%
Congressional opposition to Davis
Many but not United
Governor Brown of Georgia, undermining Confed effort
Opposed conscription
Fake state militias
Role of voluntary associations in Confed war effort
Women’s groups made clothing and flags
Local communities supplied troops
Problems with Confed finance (4)
Few gold reserves
Taxes unpopular
Cotton hard to trade
Borrowing led to inflation
Confed 1863 Impressment Act, new powers
Seizure of goods to support front line, 10% of all produce from farmers
% of Confed income from taxes
8%
Amount raised in Feb 1861 by Confed Treasury through bonds and stocks
$15 million
Problems with Confed bonds from 1863
Less popular as cotton couldn’t be exported out, loss of security
Inflation in Confed, price of bacon 1861, 63
$1.25 to $10.00 for 10 lbs
Price multiple 1861-65 in East Confed
5000x
Year of Memminger’s, Treasury Secretary, resignation
1864
New Confed Secretary of Treasury after 1864
George Trenholm
Role of Ordnance Burea
Gov agency responsible for acquiring war materials
Leader of Ordnance Bureau
Josiah Gorgas
Quota on blockade runners (year, quota)
- 1/3 cotton out, 1/3 war supplies in
Year of ban on luxury goods being imported
1864
Success rate of blockade runners
75%
Confederate imports of small arms and saltpetre (%)
60% small arms, 75% saltpetre
Reduction in cotton production 1861-64
4 million in 1861 to 300,000 in 1864
Number of men mobilised by Confederacy
900,000 men, 40% of white males of fighting age
Effect of conscription on Confed women
Longer hours
Women took men’s jobs
Number of men from initially Confed states joining Union armies
90,000
Highest death rate in Confed army, by class
Planters leading men into battle
Year of Lincoln’s suspension of habeus corpus
1862
Number of people arrested after suspension of habeus corpus
40,000 subject to arbitrary arrest
Lincoln’s dictatorial actions in April 1861 (3)
Called for troops, proclaimed a blockade in South and ordered military spending of $2 million without approval from congress
Lincoln’s work hours
7 am to 11 pm
Make up of US congress in 1861
105 Republicans, 43 Democrats and 28 Unionists
Number of Republicans in US senate after 1862 mid term elections
31 of 48
Health associated voluntary association in Union
United States Sanitary Commission
Number of Northerners owning a share of US national debt
1 million
Proportion of Union’s revenue from loans and bonds
2/3
Proportion of Union’s revenue from taxes
1/5
Terms of 1861 Union income tax
3% of incomes over $800
What did the Internal Revenue Act tax in Union from 1862
Everything
Amount of money issued by 1862 Legal Tender Act
$150 million in paper
Union constraints to inflation
10% tax on state bank notes
Inflation in Union over the war
80%
Terms of 1862 Homestead Act
Free 160 acre farms in West if land would be worked for 5 years
Effect of war on Union exports
Wheat, corn, beef and pork doubled
Increase in wheat growing, 1862-3 to 1859
More in Union states in 1862/63 than whole US in 1859
Increase in land being cultivated between 1862 and 1864
2.5 million acres
Reduction in immigration from the war
Immigration fell by 1.3 million, population fell by 5.6% with war and immigration
Race riots in 1863 in North, key cities (4)
Chicago, Buffalo, Boston and New York
Key source of opposition to Lincoln during war
Democrats
Nickname for anti-war Democrats in the Union
The Copperheads
State of Clement Vallandigham
Ohio
Year of Vallandigham’s campaign and for what
1863 for Ohio governor
Charge and punishment for Vallandigham
Treason and imprisonment for rest of the war
Month of New York Draft Riots
July 1863
Cause of New York Draft Riots and man responsible
Conscription Act and Democrat Governor Horatio
Number of troops needed to restore order after New York draft riots
20,000
British Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister in War
Lord Russell, FS and Lord Palmerston as PM
British attitude to conflict and when adopted
Neutrality from May 1861
Confederate attempts to bring Britain into the war
Cotton embargo to try and force blockade break
Name of Confed newspaper set up in UK
Index
Union minister to London
Charles Francis Adams
Names of Confed Commissioners in Trent Affair
James Mason and John Slidell
Ship in Trent Affair
British Steamer called Trent
British response to Trent Affair (5)
Demanded release of Sidell and Mason Public apology by US Prepared British fleet for action Sent troops to Canada Stopped war trade
Lincoln’s resolution to Trent Affair
Didn’t apologise but accepted illegality and released Slidell and Mason
Cotton situation in Britain before and after 1863
Before, high unemployment in mills
After, replaced by imports from China, India and Egypt
Most Successful Commerce raider
Alabama, sinking 64 ships
Effect of Commerce Raiders
Nuisance not crippling
Only 200 ships sunk
Naval crisis between Union and Britain in 1863
Laird Rams
