The War 1861-65 Flashcards
What would the 4 non-seceding slave States have added to Confed industrial capacity
80%
Comparative populations 1861
22 million in North, 9 million in South (5.5 million white)
Fraction of all West Point Graduates that were from the North 1820-60
2/3
Comparative factory numbers in 1860
North had 6 times
Comparative productive capacity 1860
North had 10x
Comparative miles of railway track 1860
North had double
Comparative production of wheats and oats
North produced 80% of total
Month of Baltimore Confrontation
April 1861
Fatalities at Baltimore 1861
4 soldiers and 12 civilians
Who won June elections in Maryland
Unionists
% of Delaware’s population that was slave
2%
Kentucky’s initial stance on secession
Neutrality
Confederate invasion of Kentucky, date and site
September 1861, took Colombus
1861, suggestion of Missouri joining Confed
Pro-Confed governor called for 50,000 volunteers to defend the state against the Union
Key Unionist figures in Missouri (2)
Congressmen Francis Blair and Nathaniel Lyon
Comparative naval ships tonnage, ratio
Union 25:1 Confed
Comparative fire arms production, 1861, ratio
Union 32:1 Confed
Comparative cotton production, 1861, ratio
Union 1:24 Confed
Size of Confederacy
750,000 square miles
Confed advantages heading into the war (5)
Size Defending Slavery Cotton Maryland, Missouri and Kentucky
Size of Union army in 1861
16,000 scattered in West
Size of Union war department 1861
90 men
April 1861, number of volunteers requested by Lincoln
75,000 for 3 months
July 1861, Lincoln’s call for further troops, number
500,000 for 3 years
Who had better state militias
South
Number of officers leaving army for Confederacy
300
Feb 1861, number of volunteers requested by Davis
100,000 for a year
May 1861, Davis’ further call for troops
400,000 for 3 year
April 1861, number of Muskets in South
160,000
Northern introduction of militia law, month
July 1862
Date of conscription for N and S
N March 1863
S March 1862
Proportion of total men fighting who were conscripts
1/10
Total size of Confed army up to 1865
900,000
Total size of Union army up to 1865
2.1 million
Name of old-fashioned musket
Smoothbore musket
Range of smoothbore musket
100 yards
Range of new rifles from 1861
600 yards
Year when both sides had rifle-muskets
1863
Name of Ordnance Chief for Union 1861-62
Chief Ripley
Change in tactics with new guns, from what to what
Mass formation to trenches
Number of bullets fired in a week in May 1864 in North Virginia
19 million
Comparative size of Calvary (% of total troops)
20% Confed , 15% Union
Key Confed cavalry commanders
Jeb Stuart and Nathan Bedford Forrest
Different infrastructures for the two cavalries
Union, some in each unit
Confed, kept as a single unit
Geographical features that benefited Confed (2)
Appalachian Mountains
Shenandoah valley
April 1861, Union navy ships and men
90 ships but not all ready, 8800 men
Number of Union ships by Dec 1861
260 on duty, 100 more under construction
Reasons for Confed naval inferiority (2)
No shipbuilding capacity
No previous navy
Union Navy Secretary, name
Gideon Welles
Name of Scott’s blockade plan
Anaconda plan
Miles of Southern coastline
3500
Capture of New Orleans, month
April 1862
Significance of New Orleans to Confed
Key exporter at mouth of Mississippi
Largest town
Confed Navy Secretary, name
Stephen Mallory
Name of Confed ironclad
Merrimack but became Virginia
Union control of Mississippi by August 1862
All except 150 mile stretch between Vicksburg and port Hudson
Nickname for Confed and Union soldiers
Johnny Reb
Billy Yank
% of Union troops born overseas
20
% of Union troops that were African American by 1865
10
% of Confed soldiers that were native born
95
Average age of soldiers in war
25
% of men between 18 and 30
80%
Colour of Union uniforms
Blue
Colours of Confed army
Grey or butternut
Breakdown of deaths
360,000 total deaths, 67,000 killed in action, 43,000 died of wounds and 224,000 died of disease
Name of Confed Hospital established
Chimborazo Hospital
Capacity of Chimborazo Hospital
8,000
Number of women working as nurses in the war
3,200
Name of of most reputable female nurse
Clara Barton
Comparative desertion rates
1 in 7 Confed, 1 in 10 Union
Year of suspension of prisoner exchange
1863
Reasons for suspension of Union suspension of prisoner exchange (2)
Violations of agreements
South gained more from exchange than North
Name of notorious Confederate prison camp
Andersonville
Number of inmates in Andersonville
50,000
Number of Union soldiers imprisoned, of which died
195,000 of which 30,000 died
Number of Confed prisoners taken, of which died
215,000 and 26,000 died
Proportion of soldiers that died as a whole
1 in 5
Key confederate general to emerge from 1st Manassas
Thomas Stonewall Jackson
Why was winning 1st Manassas bad for Confed (2)
Over confident and complacent
Spurred on Union troops
Who replaced McDowell after 1st Manassas
General George McClellan
McClellan’s nickname
Little Mac
Political affiliation of McClellan
Democrat
Main complaint about McClellan
Too reluctant to use large army
Movement of Army of Potomac in April 1862
121,000 moved to Fortress Monroe, 70 miles from Richmond
Size of Confed force stopping McClellan’s peninsula campaign, and commander
11,000 commanded by General Magruder, appeared more by marching up and down
Jackson’s successes from March to June 1862 (3)
Marched hundreds of kilometres, inflicted 7000 casualties and diverted 60,000 troops from other tasks
Month of capture of New Orleans
April 1862
Evidence that Lincoln thought war was close to victory in 1862
In April, Lincoln, Stanton, called a halt to federal recruiting
When did Lee come to lead and who did he replace
31 May 1862, General Johnston
Lee’s key military tactic
Offensive defensive
The Seven Days, month
June-July 1862
Who initiated the Seven Days
Lee
Who won the seven days
Lee but lost more men
Month of Second Manassas
August 1862
Head of Union armies at time of Second Manassas
General Pope
Head of union armies after second Manassas
McClellan
Who won second Manassas
Confed
Lee’s aims for Maryland Campaign (5)
Protect Virginia's harvest Gain Maryland volunteers Win a decisive victory Demoralise the North Persuade Britain to recognise it
At what battle did orders fall into Confed hands?
Battle of Antietam
Month of Antietam
September 1862
Number of men lost on 17 September in Antietam
10,000 Confed, 14,000 McClellan
Aftermath of Antietam (3)
Lee retreated into Virginia
Emancipation proclamation issued
McClellan failed to follow up
Who replaced McClellan after Nov 1862
General Burnside
Month of Battle of Fredricksburg
December 1862
Casualties of Fredricksburg
Union forces lost 11,000 men, Confed lost less than 5000
Who won first major battle in West, Missouri
Confederates
1861 structure of Western forces Union
General Halleck on Mississippi, General Buell in Kentucky and Tennessee
Leader of Confed Western forces in 1861
General Albert Johnston
Union first victory of war, site and month
Jan 1862, Mill Springs, Kentucky
Grants first success in West
Capture of 16,000 at Fort Donelson
Month of Shiloh
April 1862
Who won 1st day of Shiloh
Confed
Who won Shiloh
Union
Effect of Shiloh on leadership of armies (2)
Halleck appointed General in chief
Beaureguard replaced by Bragg
War situation in 1862 in Kentucky and Tennessee
No real gains on either side
Who replaced Burnside when
Fighting Joe Hooker, Jan 1863
Month of Battle of Chancellorsville
May 1863
Which General from each side was involved in the other conflict at Chancellorsville
General Early (Confed), Gen Sedgewick (Union)
Date of Jackson’s death
10 May 1863
Who won Chancellorsville
Confederacy
Who replaced Hooker, when
General Meade on 28th June 1863
Dates if Gettysburg
1-3 July 1863
Confed achievements on first day of Gettysburg
Forced Union troops on to Culp’s Hill and Cemetry Hill
Site of near Confed break through at Gettysburg
Little around Top
Who won second day of Gettysburg?
Stalemate
Number of men in Pickett’s charge on 3rd day of Gettysburg, and losses
15,000, 6,500 in first hour
Total losses on both sides from Gettysburg
28,000 Confed, 23,000 Union
Impact of Gettysburg on Union (3)
High morale
Myth of invincibility
Confed never strong enough again
Reasons Gettysburg was not a turning point (2)
Couldn’t hold for long
Couldn’t follow up
Importance if Vicksburg
Control of Mississippi
Three Confed generals in West
Pemberton at Vicksburg
Johnston for West
Bragg for Kentucky and Tennessee
Who led ironclad fleet past Vicksburg
Admiral Porter
When did Grant cross the Mississippi
End of April 1863
Grants tactic in Vicksburg campaign
Divide forces and attack separately
Date of Vicksburg’s capture
4 July 1863
Number of Confed troops surrendering at Vicksburg
30,000
Date of capture of Port Hudson
9 July 1863
Month of Battle Chickamauga
September 1863
Which Union General pushed Bragg back in Autumn 1863
General Rosecrans
Who won battle of Chickamauga
Comfederacy
Who besieged Chattanooga
Bragg
How did Grant save Chattanooga
Cracker Line
Date Lookout Mountain was stormed
24 November 1863
Date of Grant becoming General in chief
March 1864
Who replaced Grant out West
Sherman
Grants planned advance in 1864
“Simultaneous movement all along the line”
Offer made to Union veterans for re-enlisting in 1864
$400 and 30 days leave
Number of Union veterans who did re-enlist
136,000 did, 100,000 didnt
Months of Wilderness Campaign
May-June 1864
Grant’s plan’s initial failings in 1864 (3)
Banks defeated in red river area
Butler didn’t pressure Richmond
Union forces in Shenandoah were defeated
Number of losses in Grant’s Wilderness campaign (Union, confed)
50,000 U to 25,000 Confed
Nickname for Grant, and who given by
Butcher Grant, by Democrats
Union attempts to burrow under Confed lines, where and when
Petersburg, 30 July 1864
Confed General at Petersburg
General Beaureguard
Siege of Petersburg, dates
June 1864- April 1865
New Union commander in Shenandoah valley in Autumn 1864
Sheridan
Who was Confed General before Hood against Sherman
General Johnston
Confed losses under Hood
20,000
Month of Sherman’s capture of Atlanta
September 1864
Full name and age of Hood
John Bell Hood, 33
1864 Democrat Presidential nomination
General McClellan
Month of Lincoln’s nomination
June 1864
Lincoln’s running mate in 1864, name and state
Andrew Johnson of Tennessee
Month of Lincoln’s re-election
November 1864
1864 Election results
Lincoln won 2,212,645 (55%) and 212 EC votes
McClellan won 1,802,237 (45%) and 21 EC votes
Effect of 1864 on republican majorities in both houses of Congress
Increased majority
Lincoln’s share of soldier vote
78%
Sherman’s march through Georgia in Autumn 1864, length and damage
285 miles, $100 million damage
Month of battle of Nashville
December 1864
Commanders at Nashville 64
Union Thomas, Confed Hood
Month of Hood’s resignation
Jan 1865
Confed initial attempts at peace talks in 1865 who and when
Vice-President Stephens in Feb 1865
Month of Confed approval of slave regiments
March 1865
Comparative troop numbers at Petersburg trenches in March 1865
Confed 50,000, Union had 125,000 and more approaching
Month of fall of Petersburg and Richmond
April 1865
Date of Lincoln’s visit to Richmond
3 April 1865
Lee’s plan after fall of Richmond
Join up with Johnston
Date of meeting at Appomattox Court House between who
10 April 1865, Lee and Grant
Date of Davis’ capture
10 May 1865
Date of last battle, result and where
13 May 1865, Texas and Confed
Largest city in Confederacy
New Orleans
Union songs that developed during the war (2)
Battle Cry of Freedom and John Brown’s Body
Nickname for General Meade
Old Snapping Turtle
Which regiment saved day at Gettysburg and who led by
20th Maine, Joshua Chamberlain
Date and campaign of Battle Above The Clouds
24 November, Chattanooga
Comparative troop numbers at Nashville siege in 1864
23,000 Confed besieging 50,000 Union
Number of people arrested under Lincoln
40,000
What fraction of trains was made in the South I’m 1860
19/470
How many ships were in the blockade at one time
150
Confederate % of saltpetre imported
75%
Confederate % of small arms produced
60%
Name of main Confederate Commissioner to Union
William L Yancey
