Reconstruction extras

Question 1

Dates of 14th amendment (3)

Answer 1

Passed congress in June 1866
Not ratified until July 1868
757 days

Question 2

Examples of racism (4)

Answer 2

500,000 in KKK by 1870
35 black officials murdered upto 1877
Race riots in Memphis and New Orleans resulted in 90 black deaths
500 white men charged with murder of blacks in Texas in 1865-66 but none convicted

Question 3

Increase in education and activism (3)

Answer 3

Enrolment 10% in 1870, 34% in 1880
80% black illiteracy in 1870, 44.5% by 1900
Many black leaders in the church

Question 4

Success of black politicians (4)

Answer 4

2 senators and 15 representatives
Dominated lower house of SC legislature
2000 made office at different levels
HR Revels was first elected, took Davis’ seat in 1870

Question 5

Date of Louisiana Constitution (2)

Answer 5

1864, const without suffrage

1868, const that scrapped black codes, strongly republican

Question 6

Number in share cropping (1)

Answer 6

3/4 of black farmers were sharecroppers in 1890

Question 7

Period of migration to Northern cities (2)

Answer 7

Great migration of 1916-30

1 million moved North

Question 8

Period of high cotton prices after war (1)

Answer 8

1867-73

Question 9

Freedmens Bureau (8)

Answer 9

Bureau of refugees, freedmen and abandoned lands
Founded March 3 1865
Provided 15 million rations of food
$5 million to set up schools for blacks
More than 1000 schools set up
Shut down in 1872
Only active in Southern states 
Congress funded school programme

Question 10

Overturning of Civil Rights legislation (3)

Answer 10

1883 Civil Rights Cases, Supreme Court ruled acts were invalid
1875 U.S. v Cruikshank ruled 14th applied to state not individuals
1876, U.S. v Reese ruled 15th only prevent prohibition on racial grounds
Plessy v Ferguson in 1896 supported Jim Crow Laws and start of separate but equal

Question 11

Limitations to voting (3)

Answer 11

Grandfather clause, introduced in Louisiana in 1898 and reduced eligible from 130,000 to 730
Poll tax, or proof of paying
Literacy tests

Question 12

13th Amendment (4)

Answer 12

Passed senate in 1864 but failed House
Approved on 31 Jan 1865
3 votes to spare
Added to constitution in Dec 1865

Question 13

Northern representation of African Americans (2)

Answer 13

None in House until 1929

None in senate until 1967

Question 14

Years of Southern domination v Northern (3) 1789-1861 vs 1861-

Answer 14

Southern slaveholder president for 49 years, 100 years until next
23/36 House speakers from South, 50 years till next
TSC always Southern majority, only 5/26 in next 50 years from South

Question 15

Actions of 14th (3)

Answer 15

Overruled Dred Scott Decision by allowing African Americans to be citizens
Due process clause prohibits gov officials depriving citizens of their rights
Equal protection clause meant each state should provide equal protection to all citizens

Question 16

Civil Rights Acts, what they did (2)

Answer 16

1 - define citizenship and provide equality before law

2- 1875, guaranteed equal treatment in public areas, public transport and in jury service