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USA In The Mid-nineteenth Century Flashcards

0
Q

3 components of state government

A

A governor, a Supreme Court and a legislative body

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1
Q

Date of constitution

A

1787

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2
Q

Cut-off population between state and territory

A

60,000

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3
Q

Number of states by 1850

A

30

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4
Q

Who could vote in 1830

A

All white males

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5
Q

Political system

A

Two party system

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6
Q

Names of parties upto 1850

A

Whigs and Democrats

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7
Q

Stronghold for democrats

A

South and West

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8
Q

Democrat platform

A

Lower tariffs, less intervention and western expansion

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9
Q

Whig platform

A

Greater intervention, higher tariffs and infrastructure schemes

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10
Q

Congresses between 1840 and 1854

A

5/7 were Democrat majority

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11
Q

Number of people on gov payroll in 1860 (post office)

A

36,672 (30,000)

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12
Q

Sitting time of gov

A

December to March

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13
Q

Wealth distribution in 1860, top 5 and bottom 50

A

53% and 1%

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14
Q

Women working

A

25% out-of-home work before marriage 5% after

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15
Q

Restrictions on women

A

Could not vote

Could not own property

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16
Q

Average number of children in 1850 for white women

A

5

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17
Q

GNP growth 1800-50

A

7x increase

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18
Q

GNP per capita growth 1800-1850

A

2x increase

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19
Q

Population 1840 and 1860

A

17 million to 31 million

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20
Q

Population growth in area between Mississippi River and Appalachian mountains 1815-1850

A

3x faster than original states

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21
Q

Population distribution by 1850

A

50% lived west of Appalachians

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22
Q

Food production 1840-60

A

4x increase

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23
Q

Steamships in Mississippi in 1850

A

700

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24
Q

Railway growth 1840-1860

A

3,000 miles to 30,000 miles more than rest of world combined

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25
Q

Chicago population growth

A

40 people in 1830, 109,000 in 1860

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26
Q

New York population 1860

A

800,000

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27
Q

Number of Northern factories employing large numbers

A

4 over 50,000

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28
Q

Cotton exports to total exports

A

50% of total

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29
Q

Iron Industry in South

A

Tredegar Iron works in Richmond Virginia was 4th largest in 1840

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30
Q

Wealth distribution N and S 10%

A

10% owned 68% in 1860

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31
Q

% Slave owning families in South

A

25%

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32
Q

1800 % of labour in agriculture N and S

A

68% N and 82% S

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33
Q

1860% of labour in agriculture N and S

A

N 40% and S 81%

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34
Q

Number of confederate towns with more than 5000 people in 1860

A

20

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35
Q

Largest Southern Cities

A

Charleston (under 40,000) Richmond (under 40,000) New Orleans (175,000)

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36
Q

% of population living in towns N in 1820, 1840 and 1850

A

10, 14 and 26

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37
Q

% of population living in towns in South 1820, 1840 and 1850

A

5%, 6% and 10%

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38
Q

Fraction of foreign born to non in N and S in 1860

A

1 in 6 in N and 1 in 30 in S

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39
Q

Slave trade made illegal

A

1808

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40
Q

Number of slaves in 1808

A

1 million

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41
Q

Colonies with slavery in 1776

A

All 13

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42
Q

First ban on slavery

A

1787 Ordinance in Northern West Terittory

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43
Q

Cotton production in 1790

A

9000 bails a year

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44
Q

Cotton invention

A

Eli Whitney’s Cotton Engine in 1793

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45
Q

Cotton production in 1830s

A

2 million bales a year

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46
Q

Slave representation as property

A

3/5 of a man

47
Q

Location of slave revolt in 1790s

48
Q

Purchase of Liberia, date

49
Q

Success of Liberian policy

A

Only 10,000 returned by 1860

50
Q

Changes in slave population 1820-60

A

Increased by 2 million

51
Q

The Liberator, Date and Launcher

A

William Lloyd Garrison in 1831

52
Q

National Anti-Slavery Society date

53
Q

Membership of NASS by 1838

54
Q

Gag-rule

A

1836 introduced by Congress to ensure abolitionist petitions weren’t discussed

55
Q

Abolition of slavery in British Colonies, date

56
Q

Liberty Party success

A

Only received 7000 votes in 1840 election

57
Q

Reasons for failure of Liberty party

A

Many wanted to work through other parties

Not a lot of public support for abolition

58
Q

Nat Turner Slave Revolt

A

55 whites mainly women and children were killed in 1831

59
Q

Southern actions against abolitionists

A

Banned anti-slavery literature

Death penalty in some cases for circulation

60
Q

Number of slaves in 1860 in South

A

4 million slaves to 8 million whites in the 15 states

61
Q

Slave ratio in South Carolina

A

Outnumbered whites

62
Q

Decline in slave owning families 1850-60

A

1 in 3 white families to 1 in 4

63
Q

Slave to owner ratio in 1860

A

50% owned no more than 5 slaves

50% of slaves on plantations with more than 20

64
Q

Absolute figure of slave owning families

65
Q

Slave usage percentages

A

55% in cotton, 10% in tobacco, 10% in other agriculture, 10% in industry and 15% as domestic servants

66
Q

Number of free blacks in South in 1860

67
Q

Number of blacks in North

68
Q

Northern States allowing free black voting equal to white in 1860

69
Q

Book on decline of Southern economy due to slavery

A

1857, Southerner Hilton Rowan Helper wrote The Impending Crisis of the South

70
Q

Change in slave prices in 1850s

71
Q

Increase in GDP per capita in South relative to USA as a whole

A

1840-60 faster rate of increase

72
Q

Southern slave agriculture efficiency to small-family agriculture

A

Slaves 35% more efficient

73
Q

Era under James Monroe

A

Era of Good Feelings

74
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Europe should avoid any interference in the Americas

75
Q

State and Dates of Monroe

A

1817-24

Virginia

76
Q

Reduction in national debt under John Quincy Adams

A

$16 million to $5 million

77
Q

State and dates of JQA

A

1825-29

Massachusetts

78
Q

State and Dates of Martin van Buren

A

New York

1837-41

79
Q

State, date and party of John Tyler

A

1841-45
Virginia
Whig

80
Q

State and dates of James K Polk and party

A

1845-49
Tennessee
Democrat

81
Q

State, dates and party of Zachary Taylor

A

Louisiana
1849-50
Whig

82
Q

Price of a slave in 1850

A

$2,000 for skilled slave which is around $56,000 in real terms

83
Q

When was Jackson first in the senate

A

1797 for a year

84
Q

When and at what age was Clay first elected as speaker of the House

A

1811 at 34

85
Q

Political positions of John C Calhoun

A

1817-25 Secretary of War under Monroe

1825-32 VP for JQA and Jackson

86
Q

Webster’s position in cabinet under John Tyler

A

Secretary of State

87
Q

Number of slaves owned by Jackson

88
Q

Jackson’s actions against Brits in Seminole War

A

Executed 2 for supplying and advising natives

89
Q

Date of Jackson’s conflict with Supreme Court over Removal

90
Q

Terms of Indian Removal Act

A

Forcibly relocated natives to modern day Oklahoma

91
Q

Which system of politics was supported by Henry Clay

A

American System

92
Q

Features of American System

A

20-25% tariff

National bank to support a single currency

93
Q

Method for nominating candidates in 1824

A

Undemocratic congressional caucus

94
Q

Results of 1824 election EC

A

Jackson received 99 votes to 84 for Adam

95
Q

Turnout of 1824 election

96
Q

Nickname for events of 1824 election

A

Corrupt Bargain

97
Q

Clay’s position after 1824 election

A

Secretary of State

98
Q

Result of 1828 election in EC

A

178 EC votes to 83 for JQA

99
Q

Jackson’s changes to democracy (4)

A

Rewrote state constitutions
Believed all white men should have the vote
Appealed to the common man
Party system

100
Q

Jackson’s actions towards cabinet

A

Sacked 2/3 immediately

Spoils system

101
Q

Use of veto, number and example by Jackson

A

12, Maysville road veto

102
Q

Date and name of highest ever tariff

A

Tariff of Abominations 1828

103
Q

Calhoun’s response (3) to Tariff of Abominations

A

Wrote South Carolina Exposition in 1828
Gave Address to People of South Carolina in 1831
Resigned as VP on 28 Dec 1832 and joined senate to defend SC

104
Q

South Carolina’s response to Compromise tariff

A

Nullified it

105
Q

Jackson’s response to nullification crisis (4)

A

Introduced the Force Bill, vowed to hang nullification leaders, sent war ships to Charleston, positioned army nearby

106
Q

Rate of tariff proposed by Clay in 1833

107
Q

Year of 2nd BUS established and which president

A

1816, Madison

108
Q

Length of initial charter of 2nd BUS

109
Q

Year of Jackson’s veto of BUS

110
Q

Name of unofficial cabinet under Jackson

A

Kitchen Cabinet

111
Q

Election of 1832 results

A

219 EC votes or 54.7%

112
Q

What year did Clay organise Whigs

113
Q

Single unifier of Whigs when founded

A

Opposition to tyranny of Andrew Jackson

114
Q

Number of Cherokees that died in Trail of Tears

A

Over 4,000

America (13 decks)

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