Reconstruction Flashcards
State, dates and party of Grant
Illinois
1869-77
Radical Republicans
State, dates and party of Andrew Johnson
1865-69
Democrat
Tennessee
Month of General Butler’s contraband declaration
May 1861
Month of first confiscation act
August 1861
HoR action towards Crittenden Resolution in Dec 1861
Refused to reaffirm
Month of Fremont’s freeing of slaves
August 1861
Lincoln’s response to Fremont’s emancipation
Removed from Missouri command
Month of Second Confiscation Act
July 1862
Month of Congress’ abolishing slavery in all territories
June 1862
Voting for Congress abolishment of slavery in territories
Completely sectional
How much money was set aside by Congress to Lincoln for recolonisation scheme
$500,000
Month of Lincoln’s proposed emancipation compensation scheme
March 1862
How much money would be received for each slave released under L scheme?
$400
Lincoln’s emancipation compensation support/rejection?
Approved by congress but Union slave States refused to introduce
Month of Lincoln’s presentation of EP?
July 1862
Cabinet support for EP
All except Blair who feared consequences on midterms
Who proposed delaying EP until after military victory?
Seward
Date on which EP was issued
22 September 1862
Conditions of EP
Slavery untouched by all states in the Union before 1 Jan 1863
After this date, any slaves in captured territory would be forever free
British reaction to EP
Disappointed in weakness
Reaction of NDs to EP
Denounced it due to fear of Northern migration
Seats lost by Republicans in mid terms after EP
35 congressional seats
Impact of EP on war result (3)
Increased resistance from Confed
Reduced chance of British support
More men to the Union
13th amendment first attempt
1864 passed senate but didn’t get 2/3 needed in house
Margin of votes for success at second attempt of 13th in the house
3
Date of 13th amendment
31 January 1865
Lincoln initial stance towards black recruitment
Opposed
1st attempt at Black recruitment in Union (who, when, where, result)
General Hunter, early 1862, Sea Islands of SC, received no war department funding so had to disband
1st successful a attempt at black recruitment (who, when, where, result, number)
Sec of War Stanton, August 1862, Union occupied Louisiana, supported by Lincoln, 5000)
Number of Northern free blacks who joined the Union army
33,000/ 46,000 free blacks of fighting age
Number of blacks recruited from Confed states
100,000
Number of black soldiers from Union slave states
42,000
Month of Fort Wagner
July 1863
% of black casualties from Fort Wagner
40% of 54th regiment
Number of black officers by 1865
100
Pay inequality in the army
$13 a month for whites, $10 for blacks
Month and result of protest against unequal pay in the army
November 1863, sergeant executed
Month of equal pay for soldiers in Union army
June 1864
Number of black soldiers who died (number killed in action)
37,000 (3,000)
Sherman’s actions in Jan 1865 on emancipation
Declared freed slaves should receive 40 acres of land and a surplus mule
Year in which Missouri and Maryland freed slaves
1864
Number of slaves in Kentucky in April 1865
65,000
Month of Freedmen Bureau’s establishment
March 1865
Fraction of Southern population that were black after the war
1/3
Year of Confed Impressment Act
1863
Number of slaves who fled the South during the war
500,000
When did Confed allow slaves in army
Feb 1865
Number of slaves allowed in army after law
300,000
Requirements of 10% plan (2)
10% took of 1860 electorate took oath of allegiance
Abolished slavery
States that used 10% plan
Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee
3 key radical republicans opposing Lincoln
Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, Benjamin Wade
1865, % of Louisiana’s population that were black
47%
Failure of proposed Louisiana Constitution
No black suffrage
Congress’ response to Louisiana Constitution
Refused admission of senators
Requirements of Wade Davis Bill (3)
50% take ironclad oath
Ban slavery
Ban Confed politicians and soldiers from office
Lincoln’s response to Wade Davis Bill
Pocket veto
Date of Lincoln’s assassination
14 April 1865
Assassin and site for Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth, Ford Theatre in Washington
Union army reduction in size (Dec 1865, late 1866)
150,000 then 38,000
Fraction of Southern men who had a died
1/4 of white military age
Amount of money spent by Mississippi on purchasing artificial limbs in 1865
1/5 of its revenue
Amount lost in capital by South through emancipation
$2 billion
Johnson’s cabinet
Same as Lincoln
Johnson’s aim for ending reconstruction month
December 1865
Johnson’s actions in May 1865 on reconstruction (3)
Recognised Southern governments as L had done
Issued general amnesty to South for oath takers
Allowed application for Presidential Pardon to Confed officials
Problematic members of Southern members of congress
Confed VP, 4 Confed generals and 58 Comfed Congressmen
Fraction of seats held by Northern Democrats in 1865
1/4
Congress’ response to Confederate members of Congress (2)
Barred entrance
Set up Committee on Reconstruction
Johnson’s major blunder
Veto of Congressional attempted to enlarge Freedmen’s Bureau
Month of Civil Rights Act
April 1866
Johnson’s response to Civil Rights Act and Congress response
Vetoed but overturned by congress
What was 14th Amendment (2)
Permanent embodiment of Civil Rights Act and barred anybody who had taken an oath against Union from office
Southern rejection of 14th amendment
All Confed states except Tennessee
Memphis and New Orleans race riots
May and July 1866
Name, Site and Date of Johnson’s convention for mid terms
National Union Convention, Philadelphia in July
Result of Johnson’s National Union Convention (2)
Lost dignity and portrayed badly by Republicans
Public realised they were just democrats
Results of 1866 midterms
Republicans won all but 3 states guaranteeing a 2/3 majority
Period of radical reconstruction
Dec 1866-March 1867
Military Reconstruction Act month
March 1867
Military Reconstruction Act features (3)
No legal government existed in any ex-Confed state (except Tennessee)
10 Southern States were to be divided into 5 military districts with a federal commander
To get back into Union, states had to elect constitutional convention which would accept black suffrage and ratify 14th amendment
Features of commander of the army act (1)
Recognised importance of army in reconstruction, thus reducing Johnson’s military powers
Features of Tenure of Office Act (1)
Barred from removing office holders including cabinet members
Aim of tenure of office act
Protect Sec of War, Stanton, but critic of Johnson but still hadn’t resigned
Main radical reconstruction legislation (3)
Military Reconstruction Act
Commander of Army Act
Tenure of Office Act
What caused Johnson’s impeachment
Suspended and then dismissed Stanton
Month that Johnson was convicted of impeachment
February 1868
Voting in House to try for impeachment
126 to 47
Voting in senate for impeachment
35 for impeachment, 19 against, 1 short of 2/3 majority necessary
Grant EC results 1868 (percentage of votes)
214 votes to 80 (52%)
Year in which 15th amendment was ratified
1870
Point of 15th amendment
Black suffrage
Number of Northern States allowing black suffrage in 1868
Only 8
Max number of troops in Southern occupation
20,000
Length of occupation after military reconstruction act
1867-70
3 groups of support for Southern Republicans
Blacks
Scallawags
Carpetbaggers
What was a carpetbagger
Northern whites who settled in the South
What was a Scallawag
Southern whites who supported the Republican Party
Key arm to Republican Party in the south
Union League
States in which black voters constituted a majority
Mississippi and South Carolina
Number of blacks in congress before 1877
2 senators and 15 representatives
Reasons for lack of more black representation (3)
Often a minority
Divisions between the party
Lack of experience
Max % of carpetbaggers in a state
2
How corrupt were Southern Republican governments
Corrupt but no different from all others of the time
Years of high cotton prices in reconstruction period
1867-73
Cotton production 1860 v 1880
4.5 million bales to 6.3 million bales
Southern wealth as % of total, 1860 v 1870
30% to 12%
Comparative incomes between north and South (1860,1870)
Equal, South 2/5 of North
Location and person responsible for finding KKK
Tennessee, Nathan Bedford Forrest
Number of of Klansmen by 1870
500,000
Congress’ response to KKK (3)
3 force acts passed
Allowed army to break up Klan
Penalties for those limiting rights
Year of first democrat control after redemption and where
Tennessee in 1868
By what year had all Southern States got a Democrat government
1877
Democrat aims after redemption (3)
Reduce political, social and economic power of blacks
Scope and expense of government
Taxes
% fall in cotton prices after 1872 (5 years)
Nearly 50%
What happened to Tredgar Iron Works after 1873
Went bankrupt
In what year did the freedmen Bureau collapse
1872
Amnesty Act by Grant (year and number with rights returned)
1872, 150,000
Grants competitor for second term
Horace Greeley
% of vote received by Grant in 1872
55
Year of second civil rights act
1875
Result of 1874 midterms
Democrat majority in House
Example of violence from white groups after war
Sep 1874, 30 died in battle between white league and state militia
In what state were there two governments claiming legitimacy after the war
Louisiana
Candidates in 1876 election
Rep Rutherford B Hayes
Dem Samuel Tilden
Who won the most votes in 1876 and by what margin
Tilden, 200,000
Number of contested states (and EC seats) in 1876
4, 20
Resolution to 1876 election
Congress elected a commission to review returns, 8 were republican and 7 were democrat
8 gave all to Hayes making him president
Hayes’ compromise for 1876 Presidency (4)
Withdraw troops
Recognise Democrat gov in disputed states
Appoint a southerner to cabinet
Support Southern rail interets
How many years between 1789-1861 had a Southern slave holder been president
49
1st example of naval involvement of blacks in Union
1861, gun crew of the USS Minnesota
Number of black soldiers in army and navy for Union
200,000
Colonisation scheme in 1863 (where, how many, what happened)
Island near Haiti
453
Starvation and small pox, 368 survivors collected and returned to US next year
How much control did the Union have over Louisiana in 1862
2/4 of the congressional districts
2 Union officials in Louisiana
Nathaniel Banks led forces
George F Shepley was military governor
