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America > Reconstruction > Flashcards

Reconstruction Flashcards

0
Q

State, dates and party of Grant

A

Illinois
1869-77
Radical Republicans

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1
Q

State, dates and party of Andrew Johnson

A

1865-69
Democrat
Tennessee

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2
Q

Month of General Butler’s contraband declaration

A

May 1861

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3
Q

Month of first confiscation act

A

August 1861

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4
Q

HoR action towards Crittenden Resolution in Dec 1861

A

Refused to reaffirm

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5
Q

Month of Fremont’s freeing of slaves

A

August 1861

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6
Q

Lincoln’s response to Fremont’s emancipation

A

Removed from Missouri command

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7
Q

Month of Second Confiscation Act

A

July 1862

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8
Q

Month of Congress’ abolishing slavery in all territories

A

June 1862

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9
Q

Voting for Congress abolishment of slavery in territories

A

Completely sectional

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10
Q

How much money was set aside by Congress to Lincoln for recolonisation scheme

A

$500,000

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11
Q

Month of Lincoln’s proposed emancipation compensation scheme

A

March 1862

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12
Q

How much money would be received for each slave released under L scheme?

A

$400

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13
Q

Lincoln’s emancipation compensation support/rejection?

A

Approved by congress but Union slave States refused to introduce

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14
Q

Month of Lincoln’s presentation of EP?

A

July 1862

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15
Q

Cabinet support for EP

A

All except Blair who feared consequences on midterms

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16
Q

Who proposed delaying EP until after military victory?

A

Seward

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17
Q

Date on which EP was issued

A

22 September 1862

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18
Q

Conditions of EP

A

Slavery untouched by all states in the Union before 1 Jan 1863
After this date, any slaves in captured territory would be forever free

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19
Q

British reaction to EP

A

Disappointed in weakness

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20
Q

Reaction of NDs to EP

A

Denounced it due to fear of Northern migration

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21
Q

Seats lost by Republicans in mid terms after EP

A

35 congressional seats

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22
Q

Impact of EP on war result (3)

A

Increased resistance from Confed
Reduced chance of British support
More men to the Union

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23
Q

13th amendment first attempt

A

1864 passed senate but didn’t get 2/3 needed in house

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24
Q

Margin of votes for success at second attempt of 13th in the house

A

3

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25
Q

Date of 13th amendment

A

31 January 1865

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26
Q

Lincoln initial stance towards black recruitment

A

Opposed

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27
Q

1st attempt at Black recruitment in Union (who, when, where, result)

A

General Hunter, early 1862, Sea Islands of SC, received no war department funding so had to disband

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28
Q

1st successful a attempt at black recruitment (who, when, where, result, number)

A

Sec of War Stanton, August 1862, Union occupied Louisiana, supported by Lincoln, 5000)

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29
Q

Number of Northern free blacks who joined the Union army

A

33,000/ 46,000 free blacks of fighting age

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30
Q

Number of blacks recruited from Confed states

A

100,000

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31
Q

Number of black soldiers from Union slave states

A

42,000

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32
Q

Month of Fort Wagner

A

July 1863

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33
Q

% of black casualties from Fort Wagner

A

40% of 54th regiment

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34
Q

Number of black officers by 1865

A

100

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35
Q

Pay inequality in the army

A

$13 a month for whites, $10 for blacks

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36
Q

Month and result of protest against unequal pay in the army

A

November 1863, sergeant executed

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37
Q

Month of equal pay for soldiers in Union army

A

June 1864

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38
Q

Number of black soldiers who died (number killed in action)

A

37,000 (3,000)

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39
Q

Sherman’s actions in Jan 1865 on emancipation

A

Declared freed slaves should receive 40 acres of land and a surplus mule

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40
Q

Year in which Missouri and Maryland freed slaves

A

1864

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41
Q

Number of slaves in Kentucky in April 1865

A

65,000

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42
Q

Month of Freedmen Bureau’s establishment

A

March 1865

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43
Q

Fraction of Southern population that were black after the war

A

1/3

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44
Q

Year of Confed Impressment Act

A

1863

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45
Q

Number of slaves who fled the South during the war

A

500,000

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46
Q

When did Confed allow slaves in army

A

Feb 1865

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47
Q

Number of slaves allowed in army after law

A

300,000

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48
Q

Requirements of 10% plan (2)

A

10% took of 1860 electorate took oath of allegiance

Abolished slavery

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49
Q

States that used 10% plan

A

Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee

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50
Q

3 key radical republicans opposing Lincoln

A

Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, Benjamin Wade

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51
Q

1865, % of Louisiana’s population that were black

A

47%

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52
Q

Failure of proposed Louisiana Constitution

A

No black suffrage

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53
Q

Congress’ response to Louisiana Constitution

A

Refused admission of senators

54
Q

Requirements of Wade Davis Bill (3)

A

50% take ironclad oath
Ban slavery
Ban Confed politicians and soldiers from office

55
Q

Lincoln’s response to Wade Davis Bill

A

Pocket veto

56
Q

Date of Lincoln’s assassination

A

14 April 1865

57
Q

Assassin and site for Lincoln

A

John Wilkes Booth, Ford Theatre in Washington

58
Q

Union army reduction in size (Dec 1865, late 1866)

A

150,000 then 38,000

59
Q

Fraction of Southern men who had a died

A

1/4 of white military age

60
Q

Amount of money spent by Mississippi on purchasing artificial limbs in 1865

A

1/5 of its revenue

61
Q

Amount lost in capital by South through emancipation

A

$2 billion

62
Q

Johnson’s cabinet

A

Same as Lincoln

63
Q

Johnson’s aim for ending reconstruction month

A

December 1865

64
Q

Johnson’s actions in May 1865 on reconstruction (3)

A

Recognised Southern governments as L had done
Issued general amnesty to South for oath takers
Allowed application for Presidential Pardon to Confed officials

65
Q

Problematic members of Southern members of congress

A

Confed VP, 4 Confed generals and 58 Comfed Congressmen

66
Q

Fraction of seats held by Northern Democrats in 1865

A

1/4

67
Q

Congress’ response to Confederate members of Congress (2)

A

Barred entrance

Set up Committee on Reconstruction

68
Q

Johnson’s major blunder

A

Veto of Congressional attempted to enlarge Freedmen’s Bureau

69
Q

Month of Civil Rights Act

A

April 1866

70
Q

Johnson’s response to Civil Rights Act and Congress response

A

Vetoed but overturned by congress

71
Q

What was 14th Amendment (2)

A

Permanent embodiment of Civil Rights Act and barred anybody who had taken an oath against Union from office

72
Q

Southern rejection of 14th amendment

A

All Confed states except Tennessee

73
Q

Memphis and New Orleans race riots

A

May and July 1866

74
Q

Name, Site and Date of Johnson’s convention for mid terms

A

National Union Convention, Philadelphia in July

75
Q

Result of Johnson’s National Union Convention (2)

A

Lost dignity and portrayed badly by Republicans

Public realised they were just democrats

76
Q

Results of 1866 midterms

A

Republicans won all but 3 states guaranteeing a 2/3 majority

77
Q

Period of radical reconstruction

A

Dec 1866-March 1867

78
Q

Military Reconstruction Act month

A

March 1867

79
Q

Military Reconstruction Act features (3)

A

No legal government existed in any ex-Confed state (except Tennessee)
10 Southern States were to be divided into 5 military districts with a federal commander
To get back into Union, states had to elect constitutional convention which would accept black suffrage and ratify 14th amendment

80
Q

Features of commander of the army act (1)

A

Recognised importance of army in reconstruction, thus reducing Johnson’s military powers

81
Q

Features of Tenure of Office Act (1)

A

Barred from removing office holders including cabinet members

82
Q

Aim of tenure of office act

A

Protect Sec of War, Stanton, but critic of Johnson but still hadn’t resigned

83
Q

Main radical reconstruction legislation (3)

A

Military Reconstruction Act
Commander of Army Act
Tenure of Office Act

84
Q

What caused Johnson’s impeachment

A

Suspended and then dismissed Stanton

85
Q

Month that Johnson was convicted of impeachment

A

February 1868

86
Q

Voting in House to try for impeachment

A

126 to 47

87
Q

Voting in senate for impeachment

A

35 for impeachment, 19 against, 1 short of 2/3 majority necessary

88
Q

Grant EC results 1868 (percentage of votes)

A

214 votes to 80 (52%)

89
Q

Year in which 15th amendment was ratified

A

1870

90
Q

Point of 15th amendment

A

Black suffrage

91
Q

Number of Northern States allowing black suffrage in 1868

A

Only 8

92
Q

Max number of troops in Southern occupation

A

20,000

93
Q

Length of occupation after military reconstruction act

A

1867-70

94
Q

3 groups of support for Southern Republicans

A

Blacks
Scallawags
Carpetbaggers

95
Q

What was a carpetbagger

A

Northern whites who settled in the South

96
Q

What was a Scallawag

A

Southern whites who supported the Republican Party

97
Q

Key arm to Republican Party in the south

A

Union League

98
Q

States in which black voters constituted a majority

A

Mississippi and South Carolina

99
Q

Number of blacks in congress before 1877

A

2 senators and 15 representatives

100
Q

Reasons for lack of more black representation (3)

A

Often a minority
Divisions between the party
Lack of experience

101
Q

Max % of carpetbaggers in a state

A

2

102
Q

How corrupt were Southern Republican governments

A

Corrupt but no different from all others of the time

103
Q

Years of high cotton prices in reconstruction period

A

1867-73

104
Q

Cotton production 1860 v 1880

A

4.5 million bales to 6.3 million bales

105
Q

Southern wealth as % of total, 1860 v 1870

A

30% to 12%

106
Q

Comparative incomes between north and South (1860,1870)

A

Equal, South 2/5 of North

107
Q

Location and person responsible for finding KKK

A

Tennessee, Nathan Bedford Forrest

108
Q

Number of of Klansmen by 1870

A

500,000

109
Q

Congress’ response to KKK (3)

A

3 force acts passed
Allowed army to break up Klan
Penalties for those limiting rights

110
Q

Year of first democrat control after redemption and where

A

Tennessee in 1868

111
Q

By what year had all Southern States got a Democrat government

A

1877

112
Q

Democrat aims after redemption (3)

A

Reduce political, social and economic power of blacks
Scope and expense of government
Taxes

113
Q

% fall in cotton prices after 1872 (5 years)

A

Nearly 50%

114
Q

What happened to Tredgar Iron Works after 1873

A

Went bankrupt

115
Q

In what year did the freedmen Bureau collapse

A

1872

116
Q

Amnesty Act by Grant (year and number with rights returned)

A

1872, 150,000

117
Q

Grants competitor for second term

A

Horace Greeley

118
Q

% of vote received by Grant in 1872

A

55

119
Q

Year of second civil rights act

A

1875

120
Q

Result of 1874 midterms

A

Democrat majority in House

121
Q

Example of violence from white groups after war

A

Sep 1874, 30 died in battle between white league and state militia

122
Q

In what state were there two governments claiming legitimacy after the war

A

Louisiana

123
Q

Candidates in 1876 election

A

Rep Rutherford B Hayes

Dem Samuel Tilden

124
Q

Who won the most votes in 1876 and by what margin

A

Tilden, 200,000

125
Q

Number of contested states (and EC seats) in 1876

A

4, 20

126
Q

Resolution to 1876 election

A

Congress elected a commission to review returns, 8 were republican and 7 were democrat
8 gave all to Hayes making him president

127
Q

Hayes’ compromise for 1876 Presidency (4)

A

Withdraw troops
Recognise Democrat gov in disputed states
Appoint a southerner to cabinet
Support Southern rail interets

128
Q

How many years between 1789-1861 had a Southern slave holder been president

A

49

129
Q

1st example of naval involvement of blacks in Union

A

1861, gun crew of the USS Minnesota

130
Q

Number of black soldiers in army and navy for Union

A

200,000

131
Q

Colonisation scheme in 1863 (where, how many, what happened)

A

Island near Haiti
453
Starvation and small pox, 368 survivors collected and returned to US next year

132
Q

How much control did the Union have over Louisiana in 1862

A

2/4 of the congressional districts

133
Q

2 Union officials in Louisiana

A

Nathaniel Banks led forces

George F Shepley was military governor

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