Problem Of Western Expansion Flashcards
Year of Missouri’s application
1819
Number of states in 1819 and balance
22, 11 of each
Terms of Missouri Compromise x3
Missouri slave
Maine free
No slavery above 3630
Mexico frees slaves, date
1829
American immigrants in Texas in 1835
30,000 with 5,000 slaves to 5,000 Mexicans
Number killed at the Alamo in March 1837
187
Who defeated Mexicans in April 1836
American-Texan army led by Sam Houston
Mexican defeat in 1836 where and result
San Jacinto
Santa Anna captured and forced to recognise independence of Texas
Jackson attitude to Texas
Sympathetic but ignored it
Candidates in 1844 Presidential election
Whig Henry Clay against Democrat James Polk
Polk’s 1844 platform
Annexation of Oregon and Texas
Who admitted Texas when
Whig President Tyler in 1845
Who coined manifest destiny
Democrat journalist John O’Sullivan
Causes of Mexican American War (4)
Texas
Disputed boundaries
Mexican failure to pay $2 million
Obvious attempts to take New Mexico and Cali
Attempted purchase of New Mexico
John Slidell sent as special emissary to Mexico in 1845 with authority to offer $30 million
Triggering Mexican War
Polk sent US troops into disputed Rio Grande region
Ambushed by Mexicans in May 1846 causing 16 casualties
American advantages in the Mexican war (6)
Double the population Much stronger industrial base Superior artillery Many well trained officers Enthusiastic volunteers Naval Supremacy
Key figures in the war with Mexico (4-1)
Colonel Kearney, Colonel Fremont, General Z Taylory, General Scott v General Santa Anna
Cost of the Mexican war
$100 million and 13,000 dead (11,000 from disease)
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Feb 1848
2/5 of USA for $15 million and $3.25 million worth of debt
Ratified in May 1848
Wilmot Proviso
August 1846, proposed slavery should be excluded from any territory gained from Mexico
Voting for Wilmot Proviso
83 to 64 pass in house
All southern democrats and all but two southern Whigs voted against
Failed to pass the senate
When was the Calhoun Doctrine
1847
When was congress called solely for slavery
30th, December 1847
Champions of popular sovereignty
Mid-Western Democrats Senator Lewis Cass and Senator Stephen Douglas
What was popular sovereignty
Settlers, not congress should decide whether a territory should or should not allow slaves
Candidates for 1848 election (3)
Lewis Cass for Democrats
Zachary Taylor for Whigs
Martin van Buren for Free Soil Party
1848 election result
Taylor won 47.5% and 163 EC
Cass won 42.5% and 127 EC
van Buren won 10% and 0 EC
Taylor won 8/15 free and 7/15 slave states
Reaction to Calhoun’s Address of the People of the Southern States
Only 48 signed, 1/3 of slave state members of congress
Year of Cali gold rush
1848-49
Who called for 1850 Nashville Convention
Mississippi in October 1849, to all slave States to adopt resistance to Northern aggression.
Henry Clay first in congress
1812
Set of resolutions in omnibus bill (5)
Cali admitted as a free state
Utah and New Mexico would be territories with no mention of slavery or restriction
Slave trading but not slavery would end in Washington
Stronger Fugitive Slave Act
Texas surrendered land to New Mexico in return for debts
Who read Calhoun’s speech and why
Senator Mason of Virginia as he was ill, soon dead
Leading figures in 1850 Compromise (3)
Senator Douglas
Webster
Clay
Taylor’s attitude to 1850 compromise
Too soft on South, Cali and New Mexico should both be free with no concessions
1850 Nashville Conference turnout
9 slave States sent, 6 didn’t
Dominated by moderates
Fillmore’s attitude to omnibus bill
More sympathetic to the South
Supported the omnibus bill
Douglas’ actions in getting 1850 compromise passed
Submitted each as a separate bill
All passed
Second Nashville convention, Nov 1850
Only half the delegates turned up
Southern state elections in 1851-52
Unionist candidates defeated secessionists
Terms of Fugitive Slave Act
Authorised federal marshals to raise posses to pursue fugitives
$1000 fine for not helping
Also target fugitives from many years ago
Events of Burns Affair 1854
Boston mob broke into courthouse and killed a guard to rescue fugitive slave
Troops had to escort Burns to a ship for removal
State opposition to FSA
9 states passed personal liberty laws
State jails not allowed to keep prisoners
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, date and author
1851, Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin Sales
300,000 in 1852 and 2 million over next 10
1852 Democratic Candidate
Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire, accessible to all factions of the party
Whig candidates for 1852 election
North wanted Gen Scott, eventually chosen on 53rd ballot
South wanted Fillmore
1852 election result
Pierce won 51% and 254 EC votes
Scott won 44% and only 44 EC votes
Change in Whig vote in lower South 1848-54
50% to 35%
Year of Gadsden purchase
1853
Land in Gadsden purchase
Wanted to buy 250,000 square miles but only got 45,000
American attempts at Cuba (3)
Filibuster 1851
Scare Spain into selling Cuba 1853
Ostend Manifesto
Ostend Manifesto terms
If Spain refused to sell, USA could forcibly take control
Reaction to Ostend Manifesto
Leaked to press and denounced by North
Fear of a Latin American slave empire
Soule, responsible, resigned
Importance of organising a territory
Land cannot be surveyed, sold or developed until organised
Douglas’ position in congress
Chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories
Date of Douglas’ previous attempt to organise territory
1844
Proposed method of dealing with slavery in Nebraska
Popular sovereignty
Changes to the KNA following Southern opposition
Specific repeal of ban in Nebraska
Divide into Kansas and Nebraska separately
Douglas’ motives (2) for KNA
Improved reputation for presidential campaign
Trans-continental railway would improve wealth
Abolitionist propaganda written by Salmon Chase, Jan 1854
The Appeal of the Independent Democrats in Congress to the People of the United States
Northern Democratic vote on KNA
44 for it, 43 against it
Total sectional vote for KNA
90% of South for
64% of N against
Year Douglas was first in congress
1843
Name for Southern opposition to KNA
F Street Mess
State opposition to KNA (2)
Of 10 Northern state legislators in session, 5 Whig denounced it and 4/5 Democrat refused to endorse it, only Illinois approved
Number of Democrats voting for KNA that were re-elected in the North
Only 7
