W9 - Youth Development Pathways

Question 1

1st stage for the developmental model of sport participation

Answer 1

Entry into sport –> Sampling years OR Early specialisation

Question 2

Developmental model of sport participation

What 2 different pathways can be found in the sampling years?

Answer 2

Recreational participation

OR

Elite performance

Question 3

Developmental model of sport participation

What activities are found within the sampling years?

Answer 3

High amount of deliberate play

Low amount of deliberate practise

Involvement in several sports

Question 4

Developmental model of sport participation

What follows after the sampling years?

Answer 4

Specialising years OR Recreational years

Question 5

Developmental model of sport participation

What activities are found in the specialising years?

Answer 5

Deliberate play + practise balanced

⬇️ involvement in several sports

Question 6

Developmental model of sport participation

What activities are found in the recreational years?

Answer 6

High amount of deliberate play

Low amount of deliberate practise

Activities that focus on fitness + health

Question 7

Developmental model of sport participation

What comes after the specialising years?

Answer 7

Investment years

Question 8

Developmental model of sport participation

What activities are found in the investment years?

Answer 8

High amount of deliberate practise

Low amount of deliberate play

1 sport

Question 9

Developmental model of sport participation

Probable outcomes to the following:

Entry into sport –> Sampling years –> Recreational years

Answer 9

Recreational participation

Enhanced physical health

Question 10

Developmental model of sport participation

Probable outcomes to the following:

Entry into sport –> Sampling years –> Specialising years –> Investment years

Answer 10

Elite perf

Enhanced physical health

Enhanced enjoyment of sport

Question 11

Developmental model of sport participation

What activities are found in early specialisation?

Answer 11

High amount of deliberate practise

Low amount of deliberate play

1 sport

Question 12

Developmental model of sport participation

What are the 2 pathways through which elite performance can be attained?

Answer 12

Entry into sport –> Elite perf through sampling

Entry into sport –> Elite perf through early specialisation

Question 13

Developmental model of sport participation

Probable outcomes to the following:

Entry into sport –> Early specialisation

Answer 13

Elite perf

Red. physical health

Red. enjoyment

Question 14

What is meant by sport specialisation?

Answer 14

Mono-training, repetition for skill acquisition + athlete development for 1 sport.

Question 15

Why is deliberate practise necessary?

Answer 15

To push 1 out of their comfort zone + to come up w/ your own mental representations to re-create experiences, condense info + make accurate predictions.

Question 16

What does Anders Ericsson say about mental representations?

Answer 16

That is explains the difference between novices + experts.

Question 17

What else is early sampling known as?

Answer 17

Early diversification

Question 18

Developmental model of sport participation

Which is linked to a LONGER sport career + has +ive implications for LT sport involvement

Answer 18

Early diversification/sampling

Question 19

When should children have the opportunity to choose to specialise in their favourite sport or continue in sport at a recreational level?

Answer 19

~12 yrs

End of primary school

Question 20

By what age have people developed the physical, cognitive, emotional, social + motor skills needed to invest their effort into highly specialised training in 1 sport?

Answer 20

Late adolescents (~16yrs)

Question 21

Which pathway allows participation in a range of contexts that most favourably affects +ive youth development?

Answer 21

Early diversification/sampling

Question 22

Does early diversification/sampling hinder elite sport participation?

Answer 22

NO

Question 23

According to Ericcson, what does becoming automatic in skill execution result in?

Answer 23

Arrested development

Question 24

What is the process of arrested development?

Answer 24

Plateaus in learning

Question 25

What does Ericsson argue that deliberate practise does?

Answer 25

Deliberate practise prevents skills becoming automatic + habitual.

Instead…

By maintaining the conscious effort associated w/ deliberate practise, arrested development can be avoided.

Question 26

What are the main 2 approaches to talent development in sport?

Answer 26

1. Focusing on deliberate practise-orientated model in which early specialisation in 1 sport is the main feature of talent development.
2. Centres on late specialisation model that considers the interaction of skill development w/ psychological variables + the sampling of various sports during childhood.

Question 27

What did Anders Ericsson conclude that produces deliberate practise?

Answer 27

Purposeful practise + expert coaching = deliberate practise.

Question 28

What did Anders Ericsson come up with?

Answer 28

Effective practise study

Purposeful practise

Question 29

What are the core components of Ericcsons purposeful practise study?

Answer 29

Specific goal

1hr intense periods of undistracted focus

Immediate fb

Frequent discomfort

Question 30

What comes under deliberate practise?

Answer 30

Highly structured for a specific purpose

Coach is present

A lot of repetition

A lot of effort required

Error correction

Question 31

Give a negative to early specialisation

Answer 31

Ind who have specialised too early in life often don’t have a good base in motor skills = hard to change positions or sports.

Question 32

What does Cote’s (1999) model of sport participation use?

Answer 32

Early diversification in the development of sport expertise.

Question 33

What are the 3 stages ID in Cote’s (1999) model of sport participation?

Answer 33

Sampling phase (6-12 yrs)

Specialising phase (13-15 yrs)

Investment phase (16+ yrs)