W9 - Youth Development Pathways Flashcards
1st stage for the developmental model of sport participation
Entry into sport –> Sampling years OR Early specialisation
Developmental model of sport participation
What 2 different pathways can be found in the sampling years?
Recreational participation
OR
Elite performance
Developmental model of sport participation
What activities are found within the sampling years?
High amount of deliberate play
Low amount of deliberate practise
Involvement in several sports
Developmental model of sport participation
What follows after the sampling years?
Specialising years OR Recreational years
Developmental model of sport participation
What activities are found in the specialising years?
Deliberate play + practise balanced
⬇️ involvement in several sports
Developmental model of sport participation
What activities are found in the recreational years?
High amount of deliberate play
Low amount of deliberate practise
Activities that focus on fitness + health
Developmental model of sport participation
What comes after the specialising years?
Investment years
Developmental model of sport participation
What activities are found in the investment years?
High amount of deliberate practise
Low amount of deliberate play
1 sport
Developmental model of sport participation
Probable outcomes to the following:
Entry into sport –> Sampling years –> Recreational years
Recreational participation
Enhanced physical health
Developmental model of sport participation
Probable outcomes to the following:
Entry into sport –> Sampling years –> Specialising years –> Investment years
Elite perf
Enhanced physical health
Enhanced enjoyment of sport
Developmental model of sport participation
What activities are found in early specialisation?
High amount of deliberate practise
Low amount of deliberate play
1 sport
Developmental model of sport participation
What are the 2 pathways through which elite performance can be attained?
Entry into sport –> Elite perf through sampling
Entry into sport –> Elite perf through early specialisation
Developmental model of sport participation
Probable outcomes to the following:
Entry into sport –> Early specialisation
Elite perf
Red. physical health
Red. enjoyment
What is meant by sport specialisation?
Mono-training, repetition for skill acquisition + athlete development for 1 sport.
Why is deliberate practise necessary?
To push 1 out of their comfort zone + to come up w/ your own mental representations to re-create experiences, condense info + make accurate predictions.
What does Anders Ericsson say about mental representations?
That is explains the difference between novices + experts.
What else is early sampling known as?
Early diversification
Developmental model of sport participation
Which is linked to a LONGER sport career + has +ive implications for LT sport involvement
Early diversification/sampling
When should children have the opportunity to choose to specialise in their favourite sport or continue in sport at a recreational level?
~12 yrs
End of primary school
By what age have people developed the physical, cognitive, emotional, social + motor skills needed to invest their effort into highly specialised training in 1 sport?
Late adolescents (~16yrs)
Which pathway allows participation in a range of contexts that most favourably affects +ive youth development?
Early diversification/sampling
Does early diversification/sampling hinder elite sport participation?
NO
According to Ericcson, what does becoming automatic in skill execution result in?
Arrested development
What is the process of arrested development?
Plateaus in learning
What does Ericsson argue that deliberate practise does?
Deliberate practise prevents skills becoming automatic + habitual.
Instead…
By maintaining the conscious effort associated w/ deliberate practise, arrested development can be avoided.
What are the main 2 approaches to talent development in sport?
- Focusing on deliberate practise-orientated model in which early specialisation in 1 sport is the main feature of talent development.
- Centres on late specialisation model that considers the interaction of skill development w/ psychological variables + the sampling of various sports during childhood.
What did Anders Ericsson conclude that produces deliberate practise?
Purposeful practise + expert coaching = deliberate practise.
What did Anders Ericsson come up with?
Effective practise study
Purposeful practise
What are the core components of Ericcsons purposeful practise study?
Specific goal
1hr intense periods of undistracted focus
Immediate fb
Frequent discomfort
What comes under deliberate practise?
Highly structured for a specific purpose
Coach is present
A lot of repetition
A lot of effort required
Error correction
Give a negative to early specialisation
Ind who have specialised too early in life often don’t have a good base in motor skills = hard to change positions or sports.
What does Cote’s (1999) model of sport participation use?
Early diversification in the development of sport expertise.
What are the 3 stages ID in Cote’s (1999) model of sport participation?
Sampling phase (6-12 yrs)
Specialising phase (13-15 yrs)
Investment phase (16+ yrs)
