W4 - Vision & Gaze Behaviour

Question 1

What did Elmers, Locks + Young (2019) discover

Answer 1

That low risk older adults will ⬇️ their visual search when walking at height.

Question 2

What can anxiety do to cognitive load?

Answer 2

⬆️ it

Reinvestment might be 1 of the mechanisms that drives this.

Question 3

What does the Stopping Walking when Talking test show statistically?

Answer 3

If the older people have to stop walking they’re statistically more likely to fall in the next 12 months.

Question 4

How can Reinvestment be measured?

Answer 4

Using the Movement Specific Reinvestment Scale (MSRS)

Question 5

What are the 2 parts that are being measured in the MSRS test?

Answer 5

Movement self-consciousness, awareness of movement + observer opinions

Conscious motor processing - Explicit verbal cues

Question 6

In those that keep moving in the MSRS, what does it show a bigger difference in?

Answer 6

Bigger difference in the conscious motor processing/explicit verbal movement cues than there is in the movement self-consciousness.

Question 7

What did Cleworth + Carpenter (2016) state?

Answer 7

That when people were anxious, they perceived themselves to be moving more than they acc were.

Question 8

What are the 3 main senses used to control balance?

Answer 8

Vision

Vestibular (inner ear)

Somatosensors (skin, muscles…)

Question 9

Out of the senses used to control balance, which can anxiety increase?

Answer 9

Vestibular senses

Somatosensory senses

Question 10

What can sensory conflict cause?

Answer 10

Dizziness

Question 11

Why is the ability to anticipate paramount ?

Answer 11

Due to the speed of play

– Dictating that athletes don’t have time to react to an opponents actions due to the time needed to choose + initiate the appropriate response.

Question 12

What comes under perceptual - cognitive skills?

Answer 12

Ability to pick up postural cues

Capacity to identify structure - pattern recognition

More effective use of gaze behaviours

Question 13

Postural cue usage

Answer 13

Skilled athletes are better at picking up info on opponents bodily movements ahead of a key event.

Question 14

Pattern recognition

Answer 14

Experts are better at picking up familiarity in the patterns that emerge between opponents

Question 15

Gaze behaviour

Answer 15

The overriding sense is vision

Expert athletes are more effective in using the eyes to extract relevant info from the display.