W7 - Quiet Eye

Question 1

Define QE

Answer 1

FInal fixation or tracking gaze directed to a single location in the visuomotor workspace.

Question 2

When does onset of QE occur?

Answer 2

Before a critical phase of the motor task

Question 3

When does offset of QE occur?

Answer 3

When the final fixation deviates off the target for more than 3 degrees of visual angle for more than 100ms.

Question 4

What does QE reflect?

Answer 4

Optimisation of visual attention for the planning + control of movement parameters.

Question 5

What does longer QE duration allow?

Answer 5

Allows perf longer time for programming, whilst minimising distraction from other env or internal cues.

Question 6

What can be seen as an objective measure of ATTENTIONAL CONTROL to predict motor performance?

Answer 6

QE

Question 7

How can QE be measured?

Answer 7

Using a light mobile eye tracker couples to an external motor camera system.

Question 8

What does the attentional control theory state?

Answer 8

That anxiety disrupts the efficient recruitment of top-down cortical processes by enhancing the effect of stimulus-driven processes.

Anxiety makes up hyper-distractible (internal + external)

= This disrupted attentional control should affect visuomotor control.

Question 9

What state is the ventral system in when attention is focused?

Answer 9

Ventral system is suppressed

Question 10

Why is the ventral system suppressed when attention is focused?

Answer 10

To prevent reorienting to distracting events.

Question 11

What can anxiety do to the ventral system?

Answer 11

Causes it to be enhanced

Question 12

What can anxiety cause a diversion for/.

Answer 12

Diversion of processing resources away from task relevant stimuli and toward task irrelevant stimuli.

Question 13

Corbetta + Shulmans model of attention

What does it reflect

Answer 13

Balance between a goal-directed, top-down (dorsal) system + stimulus driven bottom up (ventral) system.

Question 14

Where is the goal directed attentional system located?

Answer 14

Dorsal postural parietal + frontal cortex

Question 15

What is the goal directed attentional system important for?

Answer 15

Action selection + is involved in relevant stimuli to appropriate motor responses.

Question 16

Where is the stimulus-driven attentional system located?

Answer 16

Temporoparietal + ventral frontal cortex

Question 17

When is the stimulus-driven attentional system recruited?

Answer 17

During the detection of salient + unattended stimuli

Question 18

QE & Competitive pressure

What did Wilson et al. (2009) find?

Answer 18

in a basketball free-throw task

Found that QE durations were red when cog anxiety was elevated.

– Then associated w/ worsened performance

Question 19

QE & Competitive pressure

What did Eysenck et al. (2007) find?

Answer 19

Anxiety is likely to cause a diversion of processing resources from task-relevant stimuli to task-irrelevant.

Question 20

QE Training

Step 1

Answer 20

Determine the 4 QE characteristics of experts while wearing eye tracker.

Question 21

QE training

What are the 4 QE characteristics that come under step 1?

Answer 21

Specific location

Early onset prior to a critical movement

Later offset

Longer duration

Question 22

QE Training

Step 2

Answer 22

Trainees are tested on same task while wearing mobile eye tracker

Question 23

QE Training

Step 3

Answer 23

Teach the QE characteristics to trainees using:

Verbal instructions
+/or
Videos of expert QE

Question 24

QE Training

Step 4

Answer 24

Trainees are shown their own QE + questioned to compare to the expert model.

Question 25

QE Training

Step 5

Answer 25

Incorporate w/in a behavioural routine.

Question 26

3 stages of eye-hand coordination

Answer 26

React

Anticipate

Target lock

Question 27

While elite performers will have learned to adopt effective QE durations via experience, these can still break down under pressure and therefore it may be important to implement QE training programs to ensure systematic gaze behaviors to maintain focus on critical cues.

Answer 27

Remember that