W8 - Red Flags for cancer Flashcards
what is the incidence of teenage and young adult cancers
increasing
13% and 22%
what are the 3 most common types of cancer in children
leukaemia 31%
brain and spinal 26%
lymphomas 10%
what are the 3 most common cancers in TYA
lymphoma 21%
carcinoma 20%
germ cell tumours 15%
brain and spin 14%
what are some red flag presentations for cancer
TAT
pallor
unusual bruising
prolonged bleed
supraclavicular lymph node enlargement
WL
facial nerve palsy
behaviour change
vision changes
recurrent infections
lymphadenopathy
night sweats
abdominal mass
haematuria
pain at night
whats this
blast cells
seen in leukaemia
what is cushings triad
High BP
Low HR
Low RR
What is the treatment for raised ICP
Mannitol or Hypertonic saline, Nurse at 45 degrees, CT Head, Emergency transfer to PICU+Neurosurgery unit. Contact anaesthetics
what are red flags for brain tumours
head tilt
visual disturbance
vomiting in the morning
what is the most common type of brain tumor
Medulloblastoma(15%)
how does medulloblastoma develop
usually develops in the lower part of the brain, the cerebellum.
They may spread to other parts of the brain or into the spinal cord
what are the types of brain tumours
Medulloblastoma(15%)
Ependymoma(5-10%)
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG)(brainstem glioma) (5-10%)
Embryonal tumours(formerly known as PNET) (5%)
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour (ATRT)(<5%)
High grade astrocytoma(<5%)
Intracranial germ cell tumours(<5%)
how long does a child need an inflamed lymph node for it to become a red flag
6 weeks
whats this
l - mediastinal lymph nodes enlarged
r - normal
whats the gold standard for diagnosing leukaemia
bone marrow aspirate
what are the key signs and symptoms of lymphoma
cervical lymph nodes
abdominal distension
breathlessness
night sweats
what are some differentials for abdominal distention
Toddler Belly
Constipation
Intestinal Obstruction
Nephrotic Syndrome
Hepato-Splenomegaly
Asymptomatic Proteinuria
Wilm’s Tumour
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Neuroblastoma
Pheochromocytoma
