W2 - Infections in Children

Question 1

how do symptoms of viral meningitis differ to bacteria

Answer 1

no brain parenchyma - no confusion

Question 2

2yr old with fever, irritability, neck stiffness and non-blanching rash
Diagnosis and Management

Answer 2

meningococcal meningitis
Lumbar Puncture
start ceftriaxone

Question 3

what are the hallmark symptoms of purpura fulminans

persistent high fever
non-blanching petechiae rash
rapid necrosis
severe headache

Answer 3

C
rapid necrosis

Question 4

causes of bacterial septicaemia

Answer 4

endotoxins
gram -ve bacteria
salmonella, E.coli, Strep V etc

Question 5

sepsis symptoms

Answer 5

fever
chills
hyperthermia

Question 6

cause of acute epiglotitis

Answer 6

Hib B

Question 7

symptoms of epiglotitis

Answer 7

severe sore throat
swallowing issues
airway obstruction
high fever
no cough
lethargy
breath through mouth
stridor

Question 8

who and when do they get epiglottitis

Answer 8

5-10 year
winter

Question 9

how is epiglottitis diagnosed

Answer 9

clinical - symotoms
neutrophilia
urgent x-ray

Question 10

what meds do you give for epiglottitis

Answer 10

cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and then chloramphenicol

Question 11

symptoms of acute bronchiolitis

Answer 11

increased resp rate
cyanosis
cough/wheeze
intercostal recession

Question 12

causes of bronchioloitits

Answer 12

RSV
Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
Human metapneumovirus

Question 13

most common cause of bronchiolitits

Answer 13

RSV

Question 14

bronchiolitis (RSV) x ray findings

Answer 14

hyperinflation
focal areas of collapse

Question 15

prevention of acute bronchiolitis viral

Answer 15

palivizumab - monoclonal abx

RSV vaccine given to all pregnant women at 28 weeks

Question 16

causes of tonsillopharyngitis

Answer 16

mainly viral
coxakie, EBV
others strep pyogenes

Question 17

features of viral tonsillopharyngitis

Answer 17

conjunctivitis, rhinitis, hoarseness, cough, diarrhoea

Question 18

features of bacterial tonsillopharyngitis

Answer 18

sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, erythema

Question 19

complication of strep V

Answer 19

rheumatic fever (from scarlet fever)
2-3 weeks later

haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Question 20

how is scarlet fever diagnosed

Answer 20

anti-streptolysin-O

Question 21

incubation period of chickenpox
VZV

Answer 21

incubation 10-21 days

Question 22

what important consideration of chickenpox

Answer 22

neurotropic
has a latency and comes back in later years (shingles)

Question 23

what causes eczema herpeticum

Answer 23

herpes simplex

Question 24

treatment for herpes simplex

Answer 24

aciclovir

Question 25

incubation of measles

Answer 25

10-14 days

Question 26

complications of measles

Answer 26

encephalitits cardiac abnormalities hearing defects seizures coma death personality changes

Question 27

gastroenteritis

Answer 27

rotavirus norovirus enterovirus adenovirus astrovirus

Question 28

main cause of gastroenteritis

Answer 28

no longer rotavirus A in UK - vaccine most common in world

Question 29

most common cause of meningitis in children strep pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Enterovirus Neisseria meningitidis

Answer 29

Enterococcus

Question 30

what are the most common causes of viral meningitis

Answer 30

Enterovirus