W2 - Infections in Children Flashcards
how do symptoms of viral meningitis differ to bacteria
no brain parenchyma - no confusion
2yr old with fever, irritability, neck stiffness and non-blanching rash
Diagnosis and Management
meningococcal meningitis
Lumbar Puncture
start ceftriaxone
what are the hallmark symptoms of purpura fulminans
persistent high fever
non-blanching petechiae rash
rapid necrosis
severe headache
C
rapid necrosis
causes of bacterial septicaemia
endotoxins
gram -ve bacteria
salmonella, E.coli, Strep V etc
sepsis symptoms
fever
chills
hyperthermia
cause of acute epiglotitis
Hib B
symptoms of epiglotitis
severe sore throat
swallowing issues
airway obstruction
high fever
no cough
lethargy
breath through mouth
stridor
who and when do they get epiglottitis
5-10 year
winter
how is epiglottitis diagnosed
clinical - symotoms
neutrophilia
urgent x-ray
what meds do you give for epiglottitis
cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and then chloramphenicol
symptoms of acute bronchiolitis
increased resp rate
cyanosis
cough/wheeze
intercostal recession
causes of bronchioloitits
RSV
Rhinovirus
Parainfluenza
Adenovirus
Human metapneumovirus
most common cause of bronchiolitits
RSV
bronchiolitis (RSV) x ray findings
hyperinflation
focal areas of collapse
prevention of acute bronchiolitis viral
palivizumab - monoclonal abx
RSV vaccine given to all pregnant women at 28 weeks
causes of tonsillopharyngitis
mainly viral
coxakie, EBV
others strep pyogenes
features of viral tonsillopharyngitis
conjunctivitis, rhinitis, hoarseness, cough, diarrhoea
features of bacterial tonsillopharyngitis
sore throat, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, erythema
complication of strep V
rheumatic fever (from scarlet fever)
2-3 weeks later
haemolytic uraemic syndrome
how is scarlet fever diagnosed
anti-streptolysin-O
incubation period of chickenpox
VZV
incubation 10-21 days
what important consideration of chickenpox
neurotropic
has a latency and comes back in later years (shingles)
what causes eczema herpeticum
herpes simplex
treatment for herpes simplex
aciclovir
incubation of measles
10-14 days
complications of measles
encephalitits
cardiac abnormalities
hearing defects
seizures
coma
death
personality changes
gastroenteritis
rotavirus
norovirus
enterovirus
adenovirus
astrovirus
main cause of gastroenteritis
no longer rotavirus A in UK - vaccine
most common in world
most common cause of meningitis in children
strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterovirus
Neisseria meningitidis
Enterococcus
what are the most common causes of viral meningitis
Enterovirus
