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Microbio > w7 skin infections > Flashcards

w7 skin infections Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 major genera of disease causing gram + cocci

A

staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococcus

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2
Q

3 clinically significant straphylococcus species

A

staphylococcus aureus
staphylococcus epidermidis
staphylococcus saprophyticus

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3
Q

what infections can staphylococcus have

A

skin, soft tissues, bone, urinary tract

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4
Q

where is staph aureus commonly found

A

anterior nares (nostrils)

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5
Q

what does the capsule (rigid) in staphylococcus

A

inhibits phagocytosis by WBCs

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6
Q

what does the slime layer (loose) do in staphylococcus

A

facilitates adherence to tissues and foreign bodies such as catheters

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7
Q

what is the important of teichoic acid in staph

A

mediate ATTACHMENT to MUCOSAL surfaces by binding to fibronectin in ECM
(species specific [antigenic determinant] )

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8
Q

protein A present in what and function in staph

A

staph AUREUS , but not staph epidermis or staph saprophyticus

binds to Fc region of IgG, preventing ANTIBODY MEDIATED IMMUNE CLEARANCE

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9
Q

function and mechanism of clumping factor in staph species

A

binds fibrinogen and converts it to insoluble fibrin, causing staph to clump aggregate

protects microbe from being PHAGOCYTIZED by WBCS (WBCs penetrate fibrin clots poorly)

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10
Q

where is staph aureus mainly found

A

-anterior nares (nostrils)
-skin
-mucous membranes

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11
Q

where is staph epidermidis mainly found

A

skin

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12
Q

where is staph saprophyticus mainly found

A

-female genital tract
-perineum

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13
Q

what staph as a lot of viruelnce factors

A

staph auereus

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14
Q

what is the most virulent of the staphs, most common cause of bacterial infections, important cause of toxic shock syndrome

A

staph aureus

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15
Q

staph aureus virulence factors enzymes (6)

A

catalase (catalase +), coagulase, hyaluronidase (breaks down hyaluronic acid [spreading factor]), lipase, penicillinase (B-lactamase), penicillin-binding protein [transpeptidase])

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16
Q

treatment for community acquired-methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)

treatment for hospital acquired (HA-MRSA)

A

ciprofloxcain or clindamaycin
vancomycin

17
Q

what is a common cause of catheter or prosthetic device infections

A

staph epidermis

18
Q

what is part of the normal vaginal microbiota and an important cause of urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

staph saprophyticus

19
Q

what produces a green pigment and has a fruity smell

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

20
Q

strep gram (- or +), catalse (- or +)

A

gram +
catalse -

21
Q

what plate do you need to grow strep (bc they are fastidious)

A

blood agar plate (BAP)

22
Q

most strep are what kinda for oxygen requirement

A

aerotolerant anaerobes (do not use oxygen but can tolerate it)

23
Q

which hemolytic streptococci has a greenish zone around the colony

A

alpah-hemolytic

24
Q

beta-hemolytic, alpha-hemolytic, gamma-hemolytic (non-hemolytic) strep RBC lyze status

A

beta - RBCs completely lyzed
alpha - RBCs incompletely lyzed
gamma - no action on RBCs

25
Q

what is the most common type of strep. pyogenes (group A) infection

A

PHARYNGITIS (sore throat)

26
Q

what causes scarlet fever (red skin rash on body)

A

S. pyogenes (group A)

27
Q

what is impetigo and what causes it

A

S. pyogenes (group A)
localized superficial, spreading crusty skin lesion on face on children

28
Q

symptoms of erysipelase and what causes it

A

S. pyrogenes

fiery red, advancing erytherma, esp on face or lower limb

29
Q

symptoms of cellulitis and what causes it

A

appears red, hot, shiny, and swollen

S. pyogenes (group A)

30
Q

symptoms of necrotizing faciitis and what causes it

A

group A (S. pyrogenes)

deep local invasion of the skin w necrosis (flesh eating disease)

31
Q

rheumatic fever (rheumatic heart disease) symptoms and what causes it

A

following pharyngeal infection only

fever, rash, carditis, arthritis

s. pyogenes (group A)

31
Q

acute glomerulonephritis symptoms and what causes it

A

group a (s .pyrogenes)

puffy face, darker urine, hypertension

32
Q

peptostreptococci (anaerobic strep) causes what and found where

A

causes endometritis and lung abscesses

normal oral and vaginal flora

Microbio (12 decks)

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