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microbio > for midterm > Flashcards

for midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what colonizes plastic catheters

A

staphylococcus epidermis

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2
Q

what causes skin infections

A

staphylcoccus aureus

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3
Q

what bacteria species for large intestine

A

Bacteroides

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4
Q

what maintain low pH of vagina

A

lactobacillus

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5
Q

large skin lesions w bright red outer border and partially clear central area

A

early localized lyme disease

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6
Q

chills, fever, cardiovascular instability

A

bacteremia

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7
Q

stupor (near unconscious and stiff neck)

A

meninges/cerebrospinal fluid needs to be evaluated

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8
Q

gram stain what colors

A

+ –> purple
- –> pink/red

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9
Q

acid fast stain: acid fast bacilli what color

A

pink/red

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10
Q

india ink useful for what and how identified

A

crytococcus neofarmus in CSF
identified by large, transparent capsules that displace the ink

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11
Q

potassium hydroxide prep spares what

A

spares fungi

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12
Q

blood agar , sheep/horse what kind of media

A

enriched

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13
Q

for catalse test + or -

stephylococci
streptococci and enterococci

A

stephylococci –> +
steptococci and enterococci –> -

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14
Q

complement fixation solution will turn what color if negative

A

pink

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15
Q

range for pyschrophil, mesophil, thermophil, and which one for human pathogens

A

psychohrils (0-20 C)
mesophils (20-45 C)
Thermoohils (45-90 C)

most human pathogens aremesophils

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16
Q

human pathogen pH

A

7-7.4

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17
Q

ETC how much ATP/Mol glucose vs substrate level phosphorylation

A

38 vs 2

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18
Q

beta-lactams (penicillin and cephalosporins)

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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19
Q

polymixins (neomycin and bacitarcin)

A

alteration of cytosolic membrane integrity
(displace mg and ca)

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20
Q

erythromycin

A

binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits peptidyl transferases
(inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis)

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21
Q

clindamycin

A

binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis
(inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis)

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22
Q

tetracyclines

A

binds to 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibits binding of tRNA to mRNA
(inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis)

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23
Q

metronidazole

A

reduction of 5 nitro group
suppression of nucleic acid syntehsis

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24
Q

quinolones

A

inhibit DNA supercoiling by DNA gyrase
suppression of nucleic acid synthesis

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25
Q

sulfonamides

A

blocks conversion of PABA to dihydrofolic acid
inhibition of folic acid synthesis

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26
Q

conjugation

A

cell to cell contact

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27
Q

transduction

A

phage vector

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28
Q

trasformation

A

naked DNA

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29
Q

Griffith mice experimentation was R virulent or S

A

R

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30
Q

crusted skin lesion

A

impetigo

31
Q

infection of skin tissue that involves subcutaneous tissue, appears red, shiny, hot, swollen

A

cellulitis

32
Q

collection of pus

A

abscess

33
Q

small superficial abscess involving hair follicles

A

folliculitis

34
Q

subcutaneous abscess that involves an hair follicle and surround tissue

A

furnuncle (boil)

35
Q

clusters of furnucle connected subcutaneously, causing deeper suppuration and scarring

A

carbuncle

36
Q

caused by exotoxin TSST-1
fever, nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, erythematous rash, hypotension, and desquamation of palms and soles

A

toxic shock syndrome

37
Q

caused by exfoliative toxin A and B
fine sheets of skin peeling to reveal moist red skin beneath
rapid healing
low mortality
mainly affects neonates

A

scalded skin syndrome

38
Q

what sticks to catheters, has slime

A

staph epidermis

39
Q

what is main player for UTI

A

staph saprophyticus

40
Q

streptococcus gram what, catalase what, virulent strain encapsulated or not

A

gram +
catalse -
viruelent strain encapsulated
fastidious

41
Q

beta-hemolytic
alpha-hemolytic
gamma-hemolytic

A

beta - RBC completely lysed
alpha - RBC partially lysed
gamma - RBC not lysed

42
Q

strep pyogenes (group A) where

A

skin infections, nasopharynx

43
Q

step. agalctiae (group B) where

A

vagina

44
Q

entercoccus fecalise (group D) where

A

intestine

45
Q

strawberry tongue, red rash on body

A

scarlet fever

46
Q

fiery red, advacing erythema on face or lower limbs

A

erysipelas

47
Q

puffy face, darker urine, hypertension

A

actue glomerulonphritis

48
Q

arthritis, carditis, fever, rash

A

rheumatic fever

49
Q

acetylcholine, serotonin, GABA are what kind of channel receptors

A

ligand gated ion channel receptors

50
Q

phospholipase C breaks down what into what

A

PIP2 –> DAG + IP3

51
Q

what does Dag do

A

stimulate protein kinase C

52
Q

what does IP3 do

A

binds to recptor of ER, releases Ca2+

53
Q

rapid increase of cytosolic IP3 and Dag means stimulation of what

A

stimulation of PLCB

54
Q

arachidonic acid converts metabolites to what

A

eicosanoids

55
Q

NSAIDS targets what

A

cyclooxygenase

56
Q

cyclooxygenase produces what

A

thromboxanes, prostaglandins, prostclyclins

57
Q

5-lipoxygenase produces what

A

leukotrienes, HETE

58
Q

epoxygenase produces what

A

HETE, EET

59
Q

HETE and EET help w what

A

Ca2+ release and cell proliferation

60
Q

phospholipase A2 releases what

A

arachidonic acid

61
Q

atrial natruiretic peptide (ANP) does what

A

acts of vascular smooth muscle to dilate blood vessels, enhances Na+ excretion in urine

62
Q

increased cGMP does what

A

relaxes vascular smooth muscle and dilates blood vessels

63
Q

soluable guanylyl cyclase receptor which does what

A

NO, helps w blood flow and pressure

64
Q

viagra inhibits what

A

PDE5 (which stops cGAMP which stops increased blood flow)

65
Q

inside the cell high or low K, Na, Cl

A

Na and Cl low inside
K high inside

66
Q

B-CDK1 involved w what cell phase

A

M phase

67
Q

D-CDK4/6 involved w what cell phase

A

G1 phase

68
Q

A-CDK2 involved in what cell phase

A

S phase

69
Q

INK4 inhibits what

A

CDK4/6

70
Q

cip/kip affects what

A

CDK1/2

71
Q

mitogens do what

A

inhibit inhibitors

72
Q

presence of mitogens, cyclin D-CDK4/6 phosphorylates what which does what

A

phosphorylates Rb protein (allows E2F)

73
Q

endocrine vs paracrine signaling

A

endocrine - distant signaling
paracrine - neighbor signaling

74
Q

SLCs, GLUT1 example of what

A

carriers

microbio (12 decks)

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