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Lan and c0m > W7 - Sign Language > Flashcards

W7 - Sign Language Flashcards

1
Q

What is ‘multimodal processing’ in language?

A

Processing language using multiple sensory inputs, such as auditory and visual channels.

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2
Q

How does bilingualism shape cognition?

A

Improves executive functions, task-switching, and attention control by managing two linguistic systems.

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3
Q

What does ‘Deaf’ (uppercase) represent?

A

A cultural identity associated with signing communities and the use of sign languages.

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4
Q

What does ‘deaf’ (lowercase) refer to?

A

Audiological or medical definitions, often without a connection to sign language or cultural identity.

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5
Q

Is there a universal sign language?

A

No, sign languages like ASL, BSL, and Libras are distinct, each with unique grammar and vocabulary.

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6
Q

Why is the myth of a universal sign language incorrect?

A

Sign languages are not standardized globally; each develops within its community, reflecting cultural diversity.

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7
Q

What is the myth regarding the complexity of sign languages?

A

The false belief that sign languages lack nuance or subtlety.

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8
Q

How do sign languages demonstrate complexity?

A

Through structured grammar, syntax, and semantics, enabling the expression of sophisticated ideas.

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9
Q

What myth compares sign language to mime?

A

The belief that sign languages are similar to mime or gestures.

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10
Q

How do sign languages differ from mime?

A

They have structured grammar and phonological elements, unlike the unstructured nature of mime.

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11
Q

Why study sign languages?

A

To explore language processing across modalities and understand linguistic diversity and universals.

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12
Q

What did Klima and Bellugi (1979) show about sign languages?

A

Sign languages meet linguistic criteria like grammar, phonology, and syntax, proving they are real languages.

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13
Q

Can Deaf individuals speak?

A

Yes, as speech and hearing are separate abilities, though not all choose to.

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14
Q

Do all Deaf people lip-read effectively?

A

No, lip-reading is often unreliable due to the invisibility of many speech sounds.

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15
Q

Why don’t all Deaf people wish to hear?

A

Many embrace their cultural identity and value their connection to the Deaf community.

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16
Q

Do Deaf individuals use Braille?

A

No, Braille is used by blind individuals and is unrelated to Deafness.

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17
Q

Can Deaf individuals drive safely?

A

Yes, often with faster visual reaction times, debunking the myth that they cannot drive.

18
Q

What are ‘slips-of-the-hand’ errors in sign language?

A

Phonological errors like incorrect handshape or movement, similar to slips-of-the-tongue in spoken language (Hohenberger et al., 2002).

19
Q

What are the most common types of sign language errors?

A

Anticipation and perseveration errors in handshape, movement, and location.

20
Q

What is a Tip-of-the-Finger (TOF) state?

A

A phenomenon where signers know a sign’s meaning but cannot retrieve its form (Thompson et al., 2005).

21
Q

What does syntactic space enable in sign language?

A

Abstract grammar through spatial referencing, such as co-referencing locations.

22
Q

How is topographic space used in sign language?

A

To depict real-world spatial relationships.

23
Q

How did Poizner et al. (1990) distinguish syntactic from spatial processing?

A

Found syntactic space remains intact despite spatial deficits, proving separate cognitive mechanisms.

24
Q

How does signing enhance motion detection?

A

Signers excel in detecting purposeful versus transitional motion (Klima, Uellugi, and Carins, 1996).

25
Q

What did Emmorey et al. (2008) reveal about peripheral vision in signers?

A

Signers demonstrate enhanced peripheral vision due to reliance on facial cues during signing.

26
Q

How does sign language influence mental imagery?

A

Improves mental rotation skills through frequent spatial transformations during signing (Watkins et al., 2023).

27
Q

What hemispheric specialization is observed in signers?

A

Left hemisphere dominance for linguistic tasks, including visual-motor language processing (Bavelier et al., 2001).

28
Q

Why is studying signed languages essential for linguistics?

A

They challenge spoken language biases, revealing linguistic universals across modalities.

29
Q

How do Deaf drivers perform better in visual tasks?

A

Enhanced visual reaction times and peripheral vision, especially in the left visual field (Neville and Lawson, 1967).

30
Q

How do syntactic and topographic spaces differ cognitively?

A

Syntactic space handles grammar, while topographic space represents physical layouts.

31
Q

What evidence supports the legitimacy of sign languages?

A

Structured phonology, grammar, and semantic systems independent of spoken languages.

32
Q

How do signed languages show phonological processing?

A

Errors like ‘slips-of-the-hand’ reflect similar underlying processes to spoken phonological errors.

33
Q

How does bilingualism with sign languages enhance cognition?

A

Boosts task-switching, working memory, and language flexibility.

34
Q

Why is visual-manual modality significant in language processing?

A

It creates unique syntactic and phonological rules adapted to visual communication.

35
Q

How do signed languages demonstrate cultural diversity?

A

Reflect unique community norms, practices, and linguistic creativity.

36
Q

What did Sutton-Spence and Woll (1999) conclude about syntactic space?

A

It is distinct from spatial cognition, confirming linguistic processing in signers.

37
Q

What are phonological elements in sign language?

A

Handshape, location, and movement, each contributing to a sign’s meaning.

38
Q

How does studying signed languages enhance our understanding of the brain?

A

Provides insights into brain lateralization, visual-motor tasks, and spatial cognition.

39
Q

What are examples of linguistic universals in signed languages?

A

Grammar, phonology, and syntax, all seen across spoken and signed languages.

40
Q

How do Deaf communities challenge stereotypes?

A

By emphasizing pride in sign language and rejecting the medicalized view of hearing loss.

41
Q

Why is it essential to debunk myths about Deafness and sign language?

A

To promote understanding, respect, and the recognition of cultural and linguistic contributions.

Lan and c0m (7 decks)

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