W5 Intro to Genetic diseases Flashcards
What is the phenotype?
Individuals observable traits (height, eye colour)
Physical expression of genotype
What is the Genotype
The set of genes in our DNA which are responsible for a particular trait
What is meant by true breed?
The kind of breeding wherein the parents would produce offspring that would carry the SAME phenotype
e.g When the plants self-pollinate, all their offspring are of the same variety
What is meant by hybridisation?
What is a Monohybrid cross
-Mating, or crossing, of two varieties
-A cross between two parents that breed true for different versions of a single trait
Homozygous definition
2 identical alleles
Heterozygous
2 different alleles
Monohybrid inheritance F2 generation ratio:
9:3:3:1
What is the genome
What is an allele?
All the genes of an organism
Variations of a gene
PP or pp is a what pair of alleles?
Homozygous
What is a genetic disease?
Caused by an abnormality in an individual’s DNA. Most genetic disorders are quite rare
May/may not be inherited
How does a non-heritable genetic disorder occur?
Defects may be caused by somatic mutations - changes to the DNA of somatic cells after the birth
The defect can only be heritable if genetic disorder occurs in the germ line
What are the 4 types of genetic disorders?
- Single gene defects
- Chromosome abnormalities
- Multifactorial disorders
- Cancer
What is a gene?
Unit of heredity. Encodes the synthesis of a gene product. Usually a protein or RNA.
(small section of DNA)
What are the different mechanisms of inheritance? (3)
Autosomal dominant
Autosomal recessive
X-linked recessive or dominant
What is a Frameshift mutation?
insertion or deletion of one or more bases causing the alteration of the reading frame of the gene and a different set of codons, leading to an altered protein.