W3 Nucleic Acids & DNA Replication Flashcards
Dr Nannetti
Which of the following related to nucleic acids are correct?
- They are carriers of genetic information
- They are made of nucleotides
- They are represented by DNA and RNA
- They are present in every type of cell
All of the above
Structure of a nucleotide
Pentose sugar
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group (1-3)
What bond is between a phosphate group and pentose sugar?
Phosphodiester bond (Phosphoester)
What bond is between a pentose sugar and nitrogenous base?
Glycosidic bond
What are the bases in RNA?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, URACIL
What is a nucleoside?
The part of a nucleotide consisting of only the pentose sugar and nitrogenous base (not phosphate)
How can DNA and RNA be distinguished?
(not by base which is easier)
DNA (DEOXYribose) has a H at 2’ whereas RNA (ribose) has an OH at 2’
(deoxy- no oxygen)
And also,Thymine for DNA and Uracil for RNA
What bases are pyrimidines?
(hint-pyramid)
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil
Which bases are purines?
Adenine, Guanine
Differences between purines and pyrimidines?
Purines are double ring (shorter name=longer)
Pyrimidines are single ring
What is the corresponding nucleoside for base Adenine in DNA and RNA?
(nomenclature)
RNA- Adenosine
DNA- Deoxyadenosine
What are the functions of nucleotides? (3)
- Biological energy carriers (ATP, GTP)
- To form coenzymes
- Intracellular signalling molecules
How can nucleotides link?
Nucleotides can link covalently with each other by phosphodiester bonds and form a polynucleotide strand.
(in condensation reactions)
Where is the phosphodiester bond? which C?
The phosphodiester bond links the 5’ end of one sugar with the OH group of the 3’ end of the next.
Thus nucleic acid strands have two ends. The direction is 5’ to 3’
How do DNA strands link in prokaryotes?
In prokaryotes, the 5’ and 3’ ends of the DNA strands are linked to give circular DNA. This applies for plasmids and mitochondrial DNA (eukaryotes)