W4L3 - Metabolism I Flashcards
What is metabolism
All chemical reactions in a cell/organism
What is catabolism
reaction where energy is released → break down complex molecules into smaller molecules
What is anabolism
reactions which consume large amounts of large energy → build large complex molecules from smaller molecules
Explain the structure of ATP
3 phosphate groups, 1 ribose, 1 adenine
What is the role of ATP
Like currency > used to power reactions/processes > made in respiration
What are the three macronutrients
carbohydrates, proteins and fats
What do these three macronutrients turn into
carbs → sugars, proteins → amino acids, fats → fatty acids
What do enzymes require to be activated
substrates
what are cofactors
cofactors provide chemical properties to enzymes so catalysis (Catalytic processes) can occur
What are allosteric regulators?
Regulator molecule binds to allosteric/different site > changes shape of enzyme > affects whether enzyme can work or not
What is cooperative binding?
in some enzymes, binding of one molecule influences binding at other sites, which can inhibit or increase enzyme activity.
What is feedback inhibition
end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier enzyme in the pathway to prevent overproduction
What is fermentation
partial degradation of sugars without oxygen
What is aerobic respiration
complete oxidation of sugars that require oxygen
What is oxidation
loses electrons → increased capacity to bond to a more electronegative atom
What is reduction
gains electrons → bonds to a less electronegative atom
In metabolic pathways what is required for each step to be carried out
Enzyme
Activity of an enzyme is influenced by
pH, Temperature, cofactors, inhibitors
In the movement of large molecules, what kind of transport is required?
Vesicular transport via endocytosis or exocytosis
In the movement of small/medium molecules, what kind of transport is required
Active or passive transport
