W2L3 - Cells II Flashcards
What are bacteria and archaea?
Prokaryotes and share a general cell structure
What features do eukaryotic cells contain
Membrane bound organelles
What is chromatin? (BAD)
Chromosomal DNA that is packaged in proteins in the nucleus
What is the nuclear envelope? (BAD)
Double membrane enclosing the nucleus
What is the nucleoli?
Area inside nucleus which is made up of RNA and protein → also where ribosomes are made (only in eukaryotes)
What are perioxisomes?
small-membrane bound organelles in eukaryotic cells that help break down toxic substances and break down cells
What is a cytoskeleton?
dynamic fibres that extend throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells helping it keep in shape
What are the three types of cytoskeleton?
Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
What is the structure of microtubules?
hollow
Main function of a microtubule
Maintenance of cell shape; cell movements; organelle movements
What is the structure of microfilaments?
two intertwined subunits of actin
main function of microfilaments?
maintenance and changes in cell shape; muscle contraction; cell motility; division of animal cells
what is the structure of intermediate filaments
fibrous proteins intertwined into cables
Main functions of intermediate filaments?
anchor organelles such as nucleus; maintenance of cell shape
