W33/L2

Question 1

What’s the most common cancer in women in Aus?

Answer 1

Breast

Question 2

What’s the most common cause of cancer-death in women in Aus?

Answer 2

Lung

It’s less common but more deadly

Question 3

What’s the second most common cause of cancer-death in women in Aus?

Answer 3

Breast

Question 4

What’s the breast epidermal growth factor receptor commonly involved in cancer?

Answer 4

HER2

Question 5

Are HER2 amplifications normally inherited or sporadic?

Answer 5

Sporadic

Question 6

Are mutations in BRCA 1/2 normally inherited or sporadic?

Answer 6

Inherited

Question 7

What hormonal exposure is a predisposing factor for breast cancer development?

Answer 7

Increased lifetime oestrogen exposure

Question 8

What things can increased oestrogen exposure in the lifetime?

Answer 8

Early menarche
Late menopause
Nulliparity or late age at first birth
Use of HRT
Post-menopausal obesity (as adipocytes can make oestrogen)

Question 9

What is the likely mechanism of oestrogen related breast cancer?

Answer 9

Oestrogen stimulates breast growth, driving proliferation that increases the risk of DNA mutations

Question 10

What are some histological features of ductal carcinoma in situ?

Answer 10

Dilated ducts
Proliferated cels (more than 2 layers thick)
Cellular atypia
Necrosis & calcification