W1-L6-cell signaling Flashcards
endocrine signalling+ example
signalling to distant cells
paracrine signalling+ example
signalling to proximal cells
signalling between membrane attached proteins+example
interaction between membrane proteins adjacent to each other, no hormone involved
autocrine signalling+example
signalling molecule secreted acts on the same cell
describe neurotransmission
tell the story
types of receptors
inotropic receptor, Protein coupled receptor, enzyme linked receptor, intracellular receptor
inotropic receptors+example
ligand bind to receptor,
cause an conformational change in the membrane e protein, open pore and allows gradient flow
G-protein coupled receptors signal transduction events
7TM receptor ligand binding change in membrane protein structure G-protein heterodimer activated GDP exchanged for GTP dissociation of G-protein to (G-alpha+GTP) and (Gbetagamma) G-alpha+GTP bind to target cell GTPase catalyse GTP to GDP rebinding of G protein 3 subunit
Gs protein linked receptors+example
stimulate adenylyl cyclase to increase the amount of protein kinase A
Gi protein linked receptors+example
inhibit adenylyl cyclase to reduce the amount of protein kinase A
Gq protein linked receptors+example
stimulate phospholipase C
breakdown of PIP2 to IP3 and DAG
increase Ca2+ levels
cellular contraction
enzyme linked receptors+example
ligand binding to receptors= clustering of receptors
clustering activates enzyme within cytoplasm
enzyme phosphorylation binds proteins in cytoplasm
signalling proteins recruit other signalling proteins and generate signal
intracellular receptors classified
type 1 and type 2
type 1 intracellular receptors+example
cytoplasmic-associated with chaperone molecules Hsp
ligand bind to receptor and dissociates Hsp
2 hormone bound receptor form homodimer
homodimer translocate to nucleus binding to DNA
type 2 intracellular receptors+example
nucleus-ligand binds to hormone in nucleus and trigger transcriptional regulation
