w1-L4-white blood cells

Question 1

neutrophils granulocytes function

Answer 1

chemotaxis and phagocytosis

Question 2

monocytes and macrophage function

Answer 2

phagocytosis and scavenging of dead bodies

acts as antigen presenting cells

Question 3

eosinophil granulocyte function

Answer 3

chemotaxis and phagocytosis for parasitic infection

inactivate histamine and leukotrienes release by basophil and mast cells

Question 4

basophils granulocyte function

Answer 4

chemotaxis and phagocytosis at site of inflammation by releasing heparin for immediate-type hypersensitivity

Question 5

lymphocytes function

Answer 5

humoral and cell mediated response

Question 6

signalling of white cells synthesis

Answer 6

controlled by G-CSF or GM-CSF growth factors

Question 7

granulocyte maturation

Answer 7

no cell division in the band form or metamylocytes

Question 8

neutrophil description structure

Answer 8

presence of nucleus with granules

nucleus segmented/lobulated

Question 9

neutrophil mechanism

Answer 9

chemotaxis towards site of infection
marginated and adhere against the endothelium and migrate into the tissues
phagocytose the microorganism

Question 10

eosinophil structure description

Answer 10

produced against parasitic infection and has the shape of an S nucleus

Question 11

monocyte structure description

Answer 11

round nucleus that occupies most of the cell volume
monocytes present antigens to lymphoid cells
matures into a macrophage for scavenging functions and acts as an iron store

Question 12

basophils structure description

Answer 12

presence of many dots on the nucleus of the basophils cell

multinucleated and contains heparin and histamine for phagocytosis during immune and inflammatory response

Question 13

B-lymphocytes

Answer 13

matures into plasma cells that secrete antibodies

Question 14

T-lymphocytes

Answer 14

involved in cell mediated response

Question 15

NK cells

Answer 15

innate immune system and kill tumour or virus-infected cells

Question 16

abnormalities (2 subdivide in 7)

Answer 16

leucopenia and leucocytosis

subdivide into: neutrophilia, basophilia, eosinophilia, monocytosis,lymphocytosis, neutropenia and lymphopenia

Question 17

neutrophilia

Answer 17

increased number of neutrophils in the blood circulation
results from pregnancy, exercise or corticosteroids injection
accompanied by toxic changes and left shift

Question 18

neutropenia

Answer 18

decrease in the number of neutrophils
results from chemotherapy, radiotherapy or autoimmune disorders
high risks of infection

Question 19

basophilia

Answer 19

too many basophils

Question 20

eosinophilia

Answer 20

too many eosinophils parasitic infection called strongyloidiasis or leukaemia

Question 21

monocytosis

Answer 21

too many monocytes results from infection or chronic inflammation or leukaemia

Question 22

lymphopenia

Answer 22

too few lymphocytes results from HIV infection, radiotherapy or chemotherapy of corticosteroids

Question 23

hyperhsegmented neutrophil

Answer 23

too many nucleus segments resulting from deficiency of vitamin B12 of folic acid (more than 5)

Question 24

lymphocytosis

Answer 24

too many lymphocytes resulting from leukaemia or response to viral infection aka atypical lymphocytes

Question 25

left shift

Answer 25

increase in the number of non segmented nucleus in neutrophils or neutrophils precursors in blood

Question 26

leucocytosis

Answer 26

too many WC

Question 27

leucopenia

Answer 27

too few WC