W1-L1-cellular metabolism 1 carb and aa

Question 1

6 types of reaction

Answer 1

oxidation and reduction
ligation requiring ATP cleavage
isomerisation
group transfer
hydrolytic
addition/removal of functional group

Question 2

glycolysis concept

Answer 2

generation of high energy compound-use ATP

splitting of a high energy compound- producing ATP

Question 3

Deficiency in Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)

Answer 3

glycolytic enzymopathy can be fatal within 6 years

Question 4

kinase

Answer 4

enzyme involved in transfer of phosphate group form one molecule to another

Question 5

glycolysis where?

Answer 5

cytoplasm

Question 6

glycolysis results

Answer 6

get gain of 2 ATP

production of 2 NADH

Question 7

dehydrogenase

Answer 7

redox reactions

Question 8

fates of pyruvate

Answer 8

alcoholic fermentation
lactate production
acetyl production

Question 9

alcoholic fermentation

Answer 9

anaerobic yeast
2 dehydrogenase enzymes
CO2 removal-acetaldehyde
NADH reoxidised produce ethanol

Question 10

lactate production

Answer 10

anaerobic mammalian during intense activity
dehydrogenase enzyme
NADH reoxidised

Question 11

common between lactate and alcohol production

Answer 11

NAD+ regen

Question 12

creatine phosphate

Answer 12

reservoir of ATP, acting as a buffer for ATP during heavy exercise to produce ATP to muscles

Question 13

acetyl CoA generation

Answer 13

dehydrogenase
acetyl CoA committed to TCA cycle in mitochondria
presence of thirster bond, a high energy bond for easily hydrolysed

Question 14

Beri Beri

Answer 14

Poor PDH function as thiamine deficiency, a co-factor of PDH complex= damage to PNS and weakness of musculature

Question 15

degradation of a.a-7 molecules produced

Answer 15

pyruvate, acetyl CoA, acetoacetly CoA, a-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, fumarate and oxaloacetate

Question 16

which is glycogenic or ketogenic

Answer 16

acetyl CoA, acetoacetly CoA are ketogenic

Question 17

how NADH electrons cross mitochondria

Answer 17

glycerol phosphate shuttle-skeletal muscle and brain

malate-aspartate shuttle- liver kidney and cardiac

Question 18

enzymes involved in glycerol phosphate shuttle

Answer 18

cytoplasmic and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 19

enzyme involved in aspartate-malate shuttle

Answer 19

aspartate transaminase and malate dehydrogenase

Question 20

TCA cancer defect enzymes affected

Answer 20

enhance aerobic glycolysis and lactate production in large O2 supply -Warburg effect
isocitrate dehydrogenase
fumerase
succinate dehydrogenase

Question 21

3 a.a as likely substrate of kinase

Answer 21

serine, threonine and tyrosine as they have -OH groups as phosphorylation sites