W1-L2-cellular metabolism 2 lipids Flashcards
fatty acids
free fatty acid and glycerol
ester linkage
neutralise the -COOH group
Fatty acid metabolism produce what?
Acyl CoA
Fat sources
diet
de novo biosynthesis (liver)
adipose tissue
bile-production storage and function
produced in the liver
stored in the gall bladder
function to emulsify fat, providing larger surface area of lipase action, absorption, digestion of FADEK
bile salt deficiency
steatorrhea, most of the fat pass in the small intestine as undigested and unabsorbed
orlistat
drugs used to reduced fat absorption
potent inhibitor of lipase gastric and pancreatic
used to treat obesity
side effects abdominal pain, frequent flatus and defecation
lipid transport by
lipoprotein
lipoprotein types
subdivided as chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, IDL, HDL
chylomicrons
dietary fat transport, arise from small intestine
low density lipoprotein
cholesterol transport, arise from IDL
very low density lipoprotein
arise from liver, endogenous fat transport
intermediate density lipoprotein
arise from VLDL, precursor of LDL
high density lipoprotein
arise from the liver, reverse cholesterol transport
chylomicrons pathway transport
into the blood stream
acquire apoproteins form HDL
binding of apoproteins to lipoprotein lipase at skeletal muscle, adipose tissues and heart
breakdown into FA and glycerol
FA goes to muscles adipose tissue
acquire apoprotein from HDL again and goes to liver
where CM enter the bloodstream
left subclavian vein
lipoprotein lipase function and location
heart, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue
lipoprotein life cycle
VLDL-breakdown to release FA and glycerol to muscle and adipose tissue to become a lipid remanent, gives apoprotein to HDL to become a IDL
IDL-receive cholesterol esters from HDL to become LDL
transport cholesterol to tissues or get cleared by macrophage and transported back to liver
Fatty acid to Acyl CoA species
B- oxidation, breakdown of 2 high energy bond from ATP to AMP
where does Acyl CoA species generated
outer mitochondrial membrane
Acyl CoA transport
carnitine shuttle- coupling of Acyl CoA to carnitine to form Acyl carnitine, transported to matrix by translocase
primary carnitine deficiency
B-oxidation cannot proceed as Acyl CoA cannot be transported into matrix
encephalophaties results
B-oxidation
oxidation hydration and thiolysis sequence to convert acyl CoA to acetyl CoA species
10 B-oxidation produce how many acetyl CoA
11
ketone body formation
formed by B-oxidation when the fatty acid metabolism >carb metabolism as oxaloacetate is needed
fatty acid biosynthesis
involves 2 enzymes: acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase
condensed molecules: acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA
enzyme involved KR, DH, ER
growing fatty acyl attached to acyl carrier protein
difference between synthesis and degradation
ACP vs CoA carrier
NADPH vs NAD+ and FADH reducing power
cytoplasm vs matrix location
de novo FA biosynthesis location
liver, adipose tissue and lactating breast
cancer relationship as cancer cells use fatty acid metabolism as energy source
enzyme catalysing initial step of B-oxidation
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase family broken down to
small, medium, long and very long CACAD
MCADD
autosomal recessive
unable to go without food for more than 12h , no metabolism fat dependent
cholesterol esters formation
cholesterol+leucin in presence of LCAT
anatomy of a lipoprotein
single layer of phospholipids with cholesterol esters core and proteins presents
