W1-Emodule2-cholesterol

Question 1

composition of cholesterol

Answer 1

rings of hydrophobic groups

Question 2

property of cholesterol in cell membrane

Answer 2

decrease the membrane stiffness

Question 3

daily dietary intake of cholesterol

Answer 3

500mg/day

Question 4

where is cholesterol synthesised

Answer 4

In the liver by de novo biosynthesis

Question 5

bile salts

Answer 5

glycocholate and taurocholate

both have hydrophilic groups attached

Question 6

steroid hormones

Answer 6

desolate enzyme activity produce pregnenolone which subdivides into 5 steroid classes:
progestagens, glocucorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens and estrogen

Question 7

vitamin D function

Answer 7

steroids groups needed for Ca, Mg and phosphate absorption for bone development

Question 8

vitamin D sources

Answer 8

dietary intake and UV light contact with 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin epidermis

Question 9

Calcitriol

Answer 9

calcium metabolism

binding of vitamin D response elements to promoter target genes inducing key genes involved in bone development

Question 10

deficiency in vitamin D3 childhood

Answer 10

rickets

Question 11

familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH)

Answer 11

monogenic dominant trait causing cholesterol transportation deficiency

Question 12

heterozygote for FH

Answer 12

2-3X chances of atherosclerosis

Question 13

homozygous of FH

Answer 13

5X chances of atherosclerosis and coronary infarction in adolescence

Question 14

homozygous of FH

Answer 14

5X chances of atherosclerosis and coronary infarction in adolescence

Question 15

Deposition of LDL derived cholesterol in arteries

Answer 15

occlusion and infarction

Question 16

FH patient fibroblast

Answer 16

lack functional LDLR

Question 17

mutation in LDLR domains

Answer 17

ligand binding 
EGF precursors
O-linked carbohydrate
TM
cytoplasmic

Question 18

controlling hypercholesterolaemia

Answer 18

in liver prevent de novo biosynthesis use of HMG-CoA inhibitors
in the intestine use resins

Question 19

HMG-CoA inhibitors mechanism

Answer 19

act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme

Question 20

resins mechanism

Answer 20

isolate bile acid-cholesterol complex preventing absorption

Question 21

how to make cholesterol

Answer 21

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