W1,2 laboratory equipment

Question 1

thermal equipment

Answer 1

carefully monitored and frequent temperature checks cleaning and drefrosting are required
fridges 4 degrees
lab freezers0 -70 or -20

Question 2

water bath

Answer 2

used to warm samples and reagents to a particular temp water baths provide a constant temperature that is thermostatically controlled. heating coil heats water to temp
they need to be changed frequently and washed a certain way

Question 3

metal heating block

Answer 3

warms samples and reagents less constant than water bath but easier to clean

Question 4

incubators

Answer 4

anhydric or waterjacketed
waterjacketed-allow more even heated distribution and rapid temp recovery after door has been opened
convection also used or a fan to circulate air

Question 5

ovens

Answer 5

same as incubators but hot

Question 6

biological safety cabinets

Answer 6

prevents exposure to infectious aerosols it also may be airborne bacteira they have special filters called HEPA high efficiency particulate air filters dense and have a standard efficieny of removing particles 0.3 micro meters in size

Question 7

uv light and bsc

Answer 7

light bar of uv light and it disinfects the air and contaminated surfaces. it will cause damage to eyes and must be turned off if using bsc and it should only be used when no one is in the room

Question 8

laminar flow safety cabinet bsc

Answer 8

common for handling infectious material
sash opening-moves up down
exhaust air goes through hepa filter and is recylced

Question 9

how laminar flow bsc safety cabinet works

Answer 9

sheets of air created by air flow protect the work surface from airborne microorganisms by preventing escape but gowns and gloves must be worn

Question 10

use of bsc safety rules

Answer 10

keep in low traffic area
uv lamp off
no centrifuge disrupt airflow
no burners
clean
certification procedures re

Question 11

chemical fume hood

Answer 11

draw away gases fumes
have a sash a duct fan and stack filters
use negative pressure vacuum
air drawn from cabinet into duct then outside
turn of for 15 mins before and leave on 15 min after use

Question 12

what does a centrifuge do

Answer 12

accelerate gravitational separation of substances

red cells forced to bottom plasma floats on top– separates mixtures with different density components

Question 13

rcf

Answer 13

relative centrifugal force - force required to separate two phases
rcf=krn(squared)
k=1.118 (10^-5)
r= radius in cm from center of rotation to bottom of test tube
n =speed of rotar
max rcf is the force at the bottom of the tube

Question 14

decrease the time needed to centrifuge a specimen if?

Answer 14

you increase the rpm

Question 15

small centrifuge

Answer 15

increased time is needed to centrifuge a specimen since raidus is smaller and a high rcf cannot be achieved

Question 16

serum or plasma sample for chemical analysis being centrifuged

Answer 16

will be spun using a high rcf for a longer time to ensure all cells have been spun to the bottom of the test tube

Question 17

urine sample centrifuge

Answer 17

centrifugation at a lower rcf for less time to ensure the cellular meterial is still intact for microscopic analysis

Question 18

centrifuge components

Answer 18

timer-times 
speed-set by potentiometer 
trachometer-indicates speed of rotor 
brake-reverse polarity causing to slow
sealed bearings-dont require lubrication
brushes-electrical contact to commutator
rotor head-mounted on central spindle and spinds specimen cups or buckets 
trunnion rings- hold buckets in head
cups or buckets-hold test tubes

Question 19

high speed centrifuge

Answer 19

airfuge spins 90,000 rpm and used to clear serum of chylomicrons

Question 20

how to balance centrifuge

Answer 20

must be balanced in opposition across central rotor when loading centrifuge
imbalance cause vibration
1. 2 similar tubes opposite eachother
2. if you have a tube that does no have a matching tube based on size shape and make you can make a water balance by finding a tube of similar size and shape and filling it with water
3. load tubes so that opposing buvkets have equal number of tubes and are balanced across the rotation axis

Question 21

safety precautions for centrifuge

Answer 21

dont use break
turn off let come to complete stop
dispersion of aerosols wait 30 minutes
use sealed dome shields
safety trunnion cups
auto lock

Question 22

top load balances

Answer 22

weigh to 2 decimal places

Question 23

analytical balances

Answer 23

weight to 4 decimal places

Question 24

vortex

Answer 24

mixes sample or reagent

quick whirling motion

Question 25

magnetic stir plates

Answer 25

mix larger volumes of solutions the internal magnet spins a stir bar and can be adjusted to variable mixing speeds’

Question 26

rockers and mixers

Answer 26

gently mix multiple test tubes to provide homogenous samples

Question 27

ph meter

Answer 27

add flashcards but fuck i dont wanna right now holy.