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200 clinical foundations > transfusion medicine > Flashcards

transfusion medicine Flashcards

1
Q

what is Canadian Blood Services responsible for?

A
  • donor screening
  • collecting blood from volunteers
  • blood typing
  • performing testing to ensure blood is safe
  • producing blood components
  • matching bone marrow donors and recipients
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2
Q

what is primary donation for CBS

A

whole blood- most of it is separated into components to meet needs of different patients

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3
Q

what is pheresis

A

specialized collection procedure - used to only collect platelets. plasma/ or granulocytes– plasmapheresis, plateletpheresis, leukopheresis. whole blood removed from donor, centrifuged and filtered to separate desired components the remainder is returned to donor. -takes longer

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4
Q

autologous donation

A

patient donates whole blood to themselves. -patient scheduled for surgery donate their own blood just in case. f

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5
Q

what are CBS testing blood for 9

A

-ABO grouping
-RH typing
-antibody screening
-Hep b surface antigen and hepa B core antibody
-anti HCv
-anti-HIV
anti-HTLV(detect antibodies against human T-lymphotropic virus)
-syphilis screening
-west nile virus

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6
Q

packed red blood cells

A

prepared from whole blood-removing plasma

  • patients have decreased oxygen carrying capacity-symptomatic anemia.
    storage: 42 days in fridge
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7
Q

plasma

A

harvest from whole blood- obtained by plasmapheresis. -fresh frozen plasma if refigerated within 8 hours

  • patients with deficiencies of all coagulation factors
  • if at -18 it is stored for a year
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8
Q

platelets

A

prepared from whole blood by plateletphereis

  • patients whose platelet function impaired - thrombocytopenia
  • store at room temp for 5 days
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9
Q

blood components vs blood products

A

blood products have lot numbers, blood components do not

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10
Q

blood products 5

A 
coagulation factor concentrates
intravenous immune globuline
hyper immune globulin
Rh immune globulin
Albumin
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11
Q

coag factor concentrates blood product

A

proteins in blood that control bleeding

  • from pooled donor plasma or recombinant DNA
  • hemophilia, factor VIII as part of therapy
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12
Q

intravenous immune globulin blood product

A

prepared from pooled.
immunoglobulins and passive immunity. - immediate protection. expensive
*hypogammaglobulinemia

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13
Q

hyper immune globulins blood product

A

passive immunization preparations. exposed to Hep b, Respiratroy syncytial virus, measles, tetanus, chicken pox, rabies and cytomegalovirus

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14
Q

Rh immune globulin blood product

A

contains antibodies to Rh D antigen.
-given to women who are Rh D negative to prevent them from making into-D after birth of an Rh positive child. -*protect future fetuses
known as Rhogam shot

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15
Q

Albumin blood product

A

separated from pooled plasma by fractionation procedure. used to treat patients whose blood volume depleted- common with severe burns. helps retain fluids

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16
Q

transfusion medicine

A

storage, immunohematological testing and issuing of blood components for transfusion
-antigen antibody testing

17
Q

what does trans med do

A
  • determine ABO and Rh blood type
  • screen donors and recipients for unexpected blood group antibodies
  • compatibility testing of donor and recipient blood
  • investigate transfusion reactions
  • investigate maternal-fetal incompatibilities that may lead to hemolytic disease of newborn
18
Q

strict trans med blood collection protocols

A
  • two people independently verifying identity of patient -usually you and patient
  • patient ristband
  • COLLECT 2 6ML EDTA
19
Q

what is done during type and screen

A
  • Also known as compatibility testing
  • the ABO group and Rh type of patient determined
  • antibody screen is performed on patient for unexpected antibodies in patients plasma that might lead to incompatible transfusion
  • crossmatch is performed with donors red blood cells that are mixed with patients plasma. a suitable donor unit of blood is selected on the basis of the patients ABO/Rh type and will usually be the same ABO/Rh type.
20
Q

blood types , antigen and plasma antibodies

A

type A: antigen A: plasma antibodies is anti-b

type B: antigen B: plasma antibodies is anti-A

type AB: antigen A and B no plasma antibodies

type O, no antigens, plasma antibodies are anti-A and anti-B

21
Q

blood group for Rh, red cell antigen and serum antibody

A

Rh pos, has Rh or D antigen and it does not have any serum antibodies

Rh neg, has no D antigen and ** only has anti-D in plasma AFTER exposure, so it does not naturally occur in body but if exposed it will build this antibody

22
Q

the Rh blood group

A

Rh pos has D antigen on cells.
A pos means their ABO is a and their Rh or D type is positive
**anti D is not a naturally occurring antibody, Rh neg not born with anti D it is acquired after exposure.
-this exposure could be from mom Rh neg having baby Rh pos -antibodies produced so second baby in trouble. - or transition of Rh pos blood

23
Q

how to determine ABO and Rh type

A

-3 tubes with reagent containing anti-a anti-b and anti-D -patients blood added to each tube- if agglutination occurs this means that patients blood cells have that antibody the antigen binds to.

24
Q

anitbody screen

A

detect unexpected antibodies in patients plasma -uses prepared red cell reagents called antibody screening cells

25
Q

cross match

A

check to see if patients plasma and donors red cells compatible- mixed and checked for agglutination or hemolysis- no adverse rx= match
-once marched, blood issued.

26
Q

most common error in transfusion med

A

clerical errors, collecting blood from wrong patient, poor labeling and transfusing to wrong patient

27
Q

transfusion reactions

A
  • can be life threatening-adverse reactions
  • fever, chills, shortness of breath, back pain, chest pain, allergic response, rash blood in urine, shock.
  • transfusion reaction lab procedures performed immediately to rule out hemolytic transfusion reaction (destroying RBC)
28
Q

hemolytic disease of newborn

A
  • occurs when mother has an antibody that reacts with fetus blood cells.
  • appear jaundiced due to high levels of bilirubin -mild=uv lights
  • bilirubin toxic- exchange transfusion may be required
29
Q

pre natal screening

A

ABO/ Rh type done on mother. if Rh neg Rh HDN may occur. mother closely monitored, if anti-d produced, she is given Rh immune globulin

30
Q

post-natal screening

A

done on baby cord blood. ABO/Rh type and DAT direct anti globulin testing is done

200 clinical foundations (16 decks)

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