W04_01 Hypokinetic movement disorders Flashcards
definition of parkinsonism?
bradykinesia, plus one of:
- rigidity,
- tremor,
- postural instability (unrelated to visual/vestibular/cerebellar dysfunction)
which abnormality of the hand is an early sign of PD?
flexion @ MCP,
extension @ digits
these are required for diagnosing PD:
at least 3 of: unilateral/asymmetric onset persistent asymmetry great response to L-DOPA long-term response to L-DOPA L-DOPA induced chorea rest tremor progressive long term course
pathologic associations of PD?
loss of dopaminergic neurons of subtantia nigra pars compacta;
overabundance of eosinophilic lewy bodies
most common genetic mutation of PD?
LRRK 2 mutation;
Parkin mutation
multiple system atrophy includes these symptoms
BPH or bladder problems; postural instability; orthostatic hypotension; symmetric rigidity; anterocollis; stridor; swallowing difficulty
imaging characteristics of MSA?
hypointense posterior putamen in T2;
hyperintense hot cross bun on pons in T2
progressive supranuclear palsy symptoms?
hard to move eyes, especially down (but can move by VOR); postural instability; symmetric bradykinesia; swallowing/speaking issues; axial rigidity;
progressive supranuclear palsy imaging signs?
atrophy midbrain (hummingbird sign)
typical sign of corticobasal degeneration?
limb/hand curls up and twitches. forget how to use the hand (apraxia). hand moves on its own (alien limb syndrome)
name a few types of atypical parinsonisms
MSA,
PSP,
CBD,
Wilson’s disease
name examples of drugs that can cause parkinsonism
antipsychotics,
lithium