L05 Introduction to the Brain

Question 1

what three things compose the brain?

Answer 1

cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem

Question 2

what three things compose the brainstem?

Answer 2

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 3

another name for lateral fissure? (eponym)

Answer 3

sylvian fissure.

Question 4

what divides the frontal and temporal lobes?

Answer 4

lateral (sylvian) fissure.

Question 5

what divides the frontal and parietal lobes?

Answer 5

the central sulcus.

Question 6

what divides the occipital from the parietal and temporal lobes?

Answer 6

imaginary line between parieto-occipital fissure and the preoccipital notch.

Question 7

what structure is medial to the lateral fissure?

Answer 7

insular cortex/insula.

Question 8

what composes the diencephalon?

Answer 8

thalami, hypothalami, epithalamus

Question 9

what composes the basal ganglia?

Answer 9

caudate, putamen, glubus pallidus

Question 10

which structures connect the two hemispheres?

Answer 10

corpus callosum and anterior commissure.

Question 11

what is the corona radiata?

Answer 11

a collection of white matter that travels from hemisphere to lower centres. travels as internal capsule (bounded by diencephalon and basal ganglia), and external capsule (lateral to the putamen.

Question 12

what structures connect lobes within a hemisphere?

Answer 12

association fibres.

Question 13

name the route of CSF flow.

Answer 13

lateral ventricle (inferior+posterior horns + atrium, then body).
interventricular foramen (of monro).
third ventricle.
cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius).
fourth ventricle.

Question 14

physical relationship of the three basal ganglia structures to each other?

Answer 14

caudate is most superior

putamen is lateral to globus pallidus.

Question 15

what’s the function of the precentral gyrus?

Answer 15

primary motor cortex

Question 16

what’s the function of the postcentral gyrus?

Answer 16

primary somatosensory cortex

Question 17

which structure do the thalami bound?

Answer 17

3rd ventricle.

Question 18

name 4 nuclear groups of the thalamus

Answer 18

anterior nuclei, lateral nuclei, medial nuclei, pulvinar

Question 19

name 5 major nuclei of the thalamus

Answer 19

ventral anterior nucleus
ventral lateral nucleus
ventral posterior nucleus
lateral geniculate body
medial geniculate body

Question 20

what is the main function of the thalamus?

Answer 20

relays signals between the body and brain

Question 21

inputs and outputs of the ventral anterior nucleus?

Answer 21

input: basal nuclei.
output: motor area of frontal lobe.

Question 22

inputs and outputs of the ventral lateral nucleus?

Answer 22

input: cerebellum and basal nuclei.
output: motor area of frontal lobe.

Question 23

inputs and outputs of the ventral posterior nucleus?

Answer 23

input: somatosensation of skin, muscle, joints.
output: 1º SS ctx

Question 24

inputs and outputs of the medial geniculate nucleus?

Answer 24

input: auditory system.
output: 1º auditory ctx.

Question 25

inputs and outputs of the lateral geniculate nucleus?

Answer 25

input: retina.
output: 1º visual ctx.

Question 26

functions of the hypothalamus?

Answer 26

neural, humoral, hormonal inputs.
outputs control the autonomic and endocrine systems.
tied to limbic system for emotion.

Question 27

name 4 functions of the limbic system

Answer 27

olfaction
survival
memory
behaviour

Question 28

name components of the limbic system

Answer 28

mammillary bodies
cingulate gyrus
fornix
parahippocampal gyrus (including hippocampus and amygdala)
olfactory bulbs