L05 Introduction to the Brain Flashcards
what three things compose the brain?
cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem
what three things compose the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, medulla
another name for lateral fissure? (eponym)
sylvian fissure.
what divides the frontal and temporal lobes?
lateral (sylvian) fissure.
what divides the frontal and parietal lobes?
the central sulcus.
what divides the occipital from the parietal and temporal lobes?
imaginary line between parieto-occipital fissure and the preoccipital notch.
what structure is medial to the lateral fissure?
insular cortex/insula.
what composes the diencephalon?
thalami, hypothalami, epithalamus
what composes the basal ganglia?
caudate, putamen, glubus pallidus
which structures connect the two hemispheres?
corpus callosum and anterior commissure.
what is the corona radiata?
a collection of white matter that travels from hemisphere to lower centres. travels as internal capsule (bounded by diencephalon and basal ganglia), and external capsule (lateral to the putamen.
what structures connect lobes within a hemisphere?
association fibres.
name the route of CSF flow.
lateral ventricle (inferior+posterior horns + atrium, then body). interventricular foramen (of monro). third ventricle. cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius). fourth ventricle.
physical relationship of the three basal ganglia structures to each other?
caudate is most superior
putamen is lateral to globus pallidus.
what’s the function of the precentral gyrus?
primary motor cortex
what’s the function of the postcentral gyrus?
primary somatosensory cortex
which structure do the thalami bound?
3rd ventricle.
name 4 nuclear groups of the thalamus
anterior nuclei, lateral nuclei, medial nuclei, pulvinar
name 5 major nuclei of the thalamus
ventral anterior nucleus ventral lateral nucleus ventral posterior nucleus lateral geniculate body medial geniculate body
what is the main function of the thalamus?
relays signals between the body and brain
inputs and outputs of the ventral anterior nucleus?
input: basal nuclei.
output: motor area of frontal lobe.
inputs and outputs of the ventral lateral nucleus?
input: cerebellum and basal nuclei.
output: motor area of frontal lobe.
inputs and outputs of the ventral posterior nucleus?
input: somatosensation of skin, muscle, joints.
output: 1º SS ctx
inputs and outputs of the medial geniculate nucleus?
input: auditory system.
output: 1º auditory ctx.
inputs and outputs of the lateral geniculate nucleus?
input: retina.
output: 1º visual ctx.
functions of the hypothalamus?
neural, humoral, hormonal inputs.
outputs control the autonomic and endocrine systems.
tied to limbic system for emotion.
name 4 functions of the limbic system
olfaction
survival
memory
behaviour
name components of the limbic system
mammillary bodies cingulate gyrus fornix parahippocampal gyrus (including hippocampus and amygdala) olfactory bulbs
