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Brain and Behaviour > L06 Motor Pathways > Flashcards

L06 Motor Pathways Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

is the lower motor neuron body in the CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

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2
Q

is the axon of the LMN in the CNS or PNS?

A

PNS

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3
Q

name 4 major inputs from the CNS that a LMN receives input from?

A

vestibular nuclei
reticular formation
cerebral cortex (major)
red nucleus

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4
Q

which side do LMNs innervate?

A

ipsilateral

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5
Q

where are the LMNs in the spinal cord?

A

ventral horns

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6
Q

where are the LMNs in the brainstem?

A

discrete nuclei that form the bodies of the cranial nerves

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7
Q

a patient presents with hyporeflexia. where is the lesion?

A

LMN

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8
Q

a patient presents with hyperreflexia. where is the lesion?

A

UMN

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9
Q

biceps tendon spinal segment innervation?

A

C6

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10
Q

triceps tendon spinal segment innervation?

A

C7

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11
Q

patellar tendon spinal segment innervation?

A

L4

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12
Q

achilles tendon spinal segment innervation?

A

S1

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13
Q

name symptoms of LMN lesions

A 
ipsilateral weakness
hyporeflexia
flaccid paralysis
atrophy (lack of tropins from nerves)
fasciculations (early onset)
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14
Q

role of the vestibulospinal tract?

A

balance/equilibrium

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15
Q

role of the reticulospinal tract?

A

gait

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16
Q

role of the rubrospinal tract?

A

upper limb flexors

17
Q

role of the corticospinal tract?

A

voluntary control of skeletal muscle

18
Q

UMNs are modulated by which parts of the brain?

A

basal nuclei and cerebellum, via thalamus.

19
Q

function of the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

skilled asymmetric limb movement

20
Q

where do axons of the UMNs in the corticospinal tract synapse?

A

in the lower cervical and lumbosacral enlargements. innervate distal limb musculature for fine motor skills.

21
Q

name the path of an UMN from cortex to spinal cord

A 
cortex
corona radiata
internal capsule
cerebral peduncles
pyramids
decussation of the pyramids
lateral corticospinal tract in lateral column
22
Q

name symptoms of UMN lesions

A 
contralateral hemiplegia if in brain, ipsilateral if in spinal cord.
hyperreflexia
atrophy (disuse)
no fasciculations
positive babinski's sign
23
Q

lesion in CN IV nucleus affects which side?

A

contralateral

24
Q

lesion in CN IV nerve affects which side?

A

ipsilateral

25
Q

lesion in cranial nerve nuclei affects which side?

A

ipsilateral (except IV)

26
Q

babinski’s sign tests for what?

A

UMN lesion

27
Q

the corticobulbar tract includes motor for which cranial nerves?

A

V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

28
Q

which cranial nerves in the corticobulbar tract are controlled bilaterally?

A

V, IX, X

29
Q

effect of unilateral LMN lesion in the masticator nucleus (V3)?

A

ipsilateral defect

weakness in muscles of mastication

30
Q

effect of unilateral UMN lesion in the masticator nucleus (V3)?

A

little to none. (bilateral control)

31
Q

effect of unilateral LMN lesion in the nucleus ambiguus (IX, X)?

A

paresis of vocal cords, soft palate, larynx, pharynx

32
Q

effect of unilateral UMN lesion in the nucleus ambiguus (IX, X)?

A

little to none. (bilateral control)

33
Q

effect of unilateral LMN lesion in the hypoglossal nucleus (XII)?

A

paralysis of ipsilateral tongue (points in direction of lesion)

34
Q

effect of unilateral UMN lesion in the hypoglossal nucleus (XII)?

A

paralysis of contralateral tongue (points away from side of lesion)

35
Q

effect of unilateral LMN lesion in the accessory nucleus (XI)?

A

ipsilateral weakness (shoulder shrug and head turn away)

36
Q

effect of unilateral UMN lesion in the accessory nucleus (XI)?

A

contralateral shoulder weakness.

ipsilateral SCM weakness.

37
Q

effect of unilateral LMN lesion in the facial nucleus (VII)?

A

ipsilateral facial weakness

38
Q

effect of unilateral UMN lesion of the facial nucleus (VII)?

A

eyebrows unaffected. (rostral nucleus controls frontalis and is bilaterally innervated)
contralateral caudal paralysis. (caudal nucleus is contralaterally innervated)

Brain and Behaviour (28 decks)

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