W03_03 Motor Control 2: Descending motor commands

Question 1

what did sherrington do?

Answer 1

termed the synapse, motor bundle

Question 2

what did penfield do?

Answer 2

defined motor homunculus

Question 3

what did denny-brown do?

Answer 3

neuro exam, basal ganglia experiments in 250 monkeys

Question 4

what did holmes do?

Answer 4

neuro exam; studied injured veterans

Question 5

what governs the initiation of movement?

Answer 5

premotor and supplementary motor cortices

Question 6

what kind of electrical activity correlates with the pre-motor area, preceding voluntary movement?

Answer 6

bereitschaftspotential

Question 7

what are the 4 descending motor pathways?

Answer 7

corticospinal
rubrospinal
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal

Question 8

where is the vestibulospinal tract in the spinal cord?

Answer 8

medial-anterior outer edge

Question 9

where is the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord?

Answer 9

lateral-posterior

Question 10

where is the rubrospinal tract in the spinal cord?

Answer 10

in the midline and lateral to the dorsal horn

Question 11

how many connections between the corticospinal neurons and motoneurons in fine finger movements?

Answer 11

1 - direct connection.

Question 12

disorder of tone manifestation?

Answer 12

higher viscoelastic resistance through passive motion

Question 13

disorder of spasticity manifestation?

Answer 13

velocity-dependent muscular tone

Question 14

disorder of clonus manifestation?

Answer 14

rapid-fire reflex due to stretch reflexes

Question 15

name characteristics of hemiplegic posture

Answer 15

facial droop
flexed upper limb
wrist pronation
hip circumduction
leg extension
ankle plantar flexion

Question 16

in the spastic knife catch, what is the first type of fibre to kick in?

Answer 16

1A afferents. often reflexes activated.

Question 17

what kind of treatments are available for spasticity?

Answer 17

PT, stretching, baclofen oral/intrathecal pump