W/L Ch 4 Overview of Radiobiology Quiz Flashcards
What is the typical oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) value for sparsely ionizing radiation?
a. 0.5 to 1.0
b. 1.0 to 2.0
c. 2.5 to 3.0
d. Greater than 3.0
c. 2.5 to 3.0
Which of the following is the most important treatment-related variable for the development of the late-term effects of ionizing radiation?
a. Treatment volume
b. Elapsed days
c. OER
d. Dose
d. Dose
To calculate the nominal standard dose (NSD), what factors must be known? I. Total dose II. Fraction size III. Elapsed days a. I and II b. I and III c. II and III d. I, II, and III
d. I, II, and III
A whole-body radiation dose given in a period of seconds to minutes produces a clinical pattern called what?
a. Delayed effects
b. Mortality rates
c. Acute radiation syndromes
d. Clinical body dose
c. Acute radiation syndromes
How does oxygen retention affect radiosensitivity?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. No change
d. Varies by tissue
a. Increases
Isoeffect curves are most closely associated with which of the following?
a. Oxygen enhancement
b. Radiation syndromes
c. Tolerance doses
d. Fractionation
d. Fractionation
Which term describes certain chemicals or drugs that enhance the response of cells to radiation?
a. Free radicals
b. Radiosensitizers
c. Radioprotectors
d. NSAIDs
b. Radiosensitizers
What does the term interphase death mean?
a. The cell dies prior to entering interphase.
b. The cell dies prior to leaving interphase.
c. The cell dies between mitotic phases.
d. The entire organism dies.
b. The cell dies prior to leaving interphase.
Which of the following tissues is least radiosensitive?
a. Bone
b. Kidney
c. Ocular lens
d. Colon
a. Bone
Which macromolecule is most radiosensitive?
a. Lipids
b. Carbohydrates
c. Proteins
d. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
d. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
a. Adenine
b. Cytosine
c. Thymine
d. Uracil
a. Adenine
Adenine is a purine.
Which of the following terms is used to describe radiation damage to a cell that is not sufficient to kill the cell?
a. Relative biological effect
b. Sublethal damage
c. Tumor lethal dose
d. Lethal dose50/40
b. Sublethal damage
Which of the following terms describes the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen following exposure to radiation?
a. Radiolysis
b. Radioactivity
c. Ionization
d. Duplication
a. Radiolysis
Which of the following is not an early response to radiation?
a. Breast cancer
b. Erythema
c. Diarrhea
d. Chromosome aberrations
a. Breast cancer
To produce the same biological effects seen after a single dose of 5,000 cGy, the total dose of a fractionated dose would be _________.
a. less
b. greater
c. equivalent
b. greater
The tolerance dose TD 50/5 for the lens of the eye is __________ to/than the TD 5/5 for the lens of the eye
a. less
b. greater
c. equivalent
b. greater
The TD 5/5 for the whole liver is approximately _____ Gy.
a. 15
b. 20
c. 30
d. 40
c. 30
The TD 50/5 for the optic nerve is approximately _____ Gy.
a. 25
b. 35
c. 50
d. 65
d. 65
Fractionation of radiation dose administration to neoplastic tissues has which of the following effects? (Select three.)
a. Reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells, thus promotes their sensitivity to subsequent doses
b. Favors repair of radiation injury in normal cells over that of cancer cells
c. Favors repopulation of normal tissues slightly
d. Reduces or blunts the effects of the radiation injury in early responding normal tissues
a. Reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor cells, thus promotes their sensitivity to subsequent doses
b. Favors repair of radiation injury in normal cells
d. Reduces or blunts the effects of the radiation injury in early responding normal tissues
Which of the following cell types are likely to express radiation injury shortly after a D0 dose of radiation is received? (Select two.)
a. VIM
b. DIM
c. RPM
d. FPM
a. VIM
b. DIM
Vegetative intermitotic (VIM) and differentiating intermitotic (DIM) cells are the most and second most radiosensitive types of cells, respectively, and are likely to express radiation injury.
