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Boards Review > W/L Ch 14 Brachytherapy Quiz > Flashcards

W/L Ch 14 Brachytherapy Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is the half-life of gold 198?

a. 27 days
b. 27 years
c. 2.7 days
d. 3.8 days

A

c. 2.7 days

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2
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of high-dose rate (HDR) over low-dose rate (LDR)?

a. HDR is noninvasive.
b. HDR dosimetry is simpler.
c. Treatment time is decreased from 72 hours to 24 hours.
d. HDR can be given on an outpatient basis.

A

d. HDR can be given on an outpatient basis.

It is suggested that HDR brachytherapy may be preferable to the LDR treatment because HDR can be given on a fractionated outpatient basis.

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3
Q

Of the following, which radionuclide is used for permanent prostate implants?

a. Gold 198
b. Cobalt 60
c. Cesium 137
d. Iridium 192

A

a. Gold 198

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4
Q 
Areas commonly treated with external applicators include which of the following?
I.   Hard palate
II.  Skin
III. Orbital cavity
a.	I and II
b.	I and III
c.	II and III
d.	I, II, and III
A

d. I, II, and III

Areas commonly treated with external applicators include any areas on the skin, oral cavity, nasal cavity, hard palate, and orbital cavity.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of dummy sources used for temporary implants?

a. Localize the tumor in surgery
b. Enable visualization of source placement
c. Give physics residents experience with loading sources
d. Determine dose to the bladder and rectum

A

b. Enable visualization of source placement

Dummy sources are nonradioactive radiopaque seeds that can be seen on a radiographic image. This is done to enable visualization of source placement, to ensure that the implants are positioned correctly.

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6
Q

For brachytherapy to the cervix, where is point A located in relation to the cervical os?

a. 2 cm superior and 2 cm lateral
b. 1 cm superior and 2 cm lateral
c. 2 cm inferior and 2 cm lateral
d. 2 cm superior and 1 cm lateral

A

a. 2 cm superior and 2 cm lateral

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7
Q

The Paterson-Parker (Manchester) system uses a set of guidelines to do which of the following?
I. Provide a dose of +10% within the implanted area
II. Assume the use of linear sources to be implanted
III. Use a uniform distribution of radioactive material to produce a uniform dose distribution
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

A

a. I and II

This system uses a nonuniform distribution of radioactive material to produce a uniform distribution of dose. The system assumes the use of linear sources to be implanted.

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8
Q

Decay constant is expressed as which of the following?

a. The time it takes for activity to decay to half its original value
b. Total number of atoms that decay per unit time
c. Average lifetime for the decay of radioactive atoms
d. Total number of atoms that decay

A

b. Total number of atoms that decay per unit time

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9
Q

Tandem and ovoids are used to treat which of the following?

a. Prostate
b. Bladder
c. Cervix
d. Esophagus

A

c. Cervix

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10
Q

The purpose of intravascular brachytherapy is to _______________________.

a. eliminate arterial plaque
b. treat cancers of the heart
c. prevent heart disease
d. inhibit restenosis in coronary arteries

A

d. inhibit restenosis in coronary arteries

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11
Q

Of the following, which brachytherapy application would be used to treat the breast?

a. Intracavitary
b. Interstitial
c. Topical
d. Permanent implant

A

b. Interstitial

Interstitial brachytherapy is commonly used in the treatment of neck, breast, prostate, soft tissue sarcomas, and skin tumors.

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12
Q

The half-life of radium is __________________.

a. 1.6 years
b. 162 days
c. 1,622 years
d. 16 years

A

c. 1,622 years

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13
Q

Which of the following is one disadvantage of radium?

a. Has a long half-life
b. Decays by alpha emission
c. It is not as effective as other radioisotopes
d. Decays to form a radon, a dangerous gas

A

d. Decays to form a radon, a dangerous gas

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14
Q

Which of the following has the shortest half-life?

a. Gold 198
b. Iodine 125
c. Cesium 137
d. Cobalt 60

A

a. Gold 198

Gold 198 = 2.7 days.
Iodine 125 = 59.4 days.
Cesium 137 = 30 years.
Cobalt 60 = 5.27 years.

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15
Q

What is an advantage of remote afterloading?

a. Less invasive for the patient
b. Limits exposure to the patient and personnel
c. Decreased treatment time
d. Allows the patient to have a semiprivate room

A

b. Limits exposure to the patient and personnel

Remote afterloading is done to enable visualization of source placement, to ensure that the implants are positioned correctly, and for treatment planning and dose calculation without unnecessary radiation exposure to the patient and personnel. This is the basic principle of remote afterloading.

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16
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the Quimby system?

a. It is used more often than the Paterson-Parker system.
b. It is adapted into system called the Manchester system.
c. There is a uniform distribution of activity within the implant.
d. The result is a uniform dose distribution.

A

c. There is a uniform distribution of activity within the implant.

17
Q

The term radium substitute in brachytherapy indicates which of the following?

a. An isotope whose dosimetry is based on original radium work
b. An isotope whose dosimetry is more accurate than that of radium
c. Any source implemented when radium is unavailable
d. A source that has a greater average energy than radium

A

a. An isotope whose dosimetry is based on original radium work

18
Q

What is the average energy of iridium 192?

a. 170 keV
b. 730 keV
c. 450 keV
d. 380 keV

A

d. 380 keV

19
Q

Which of the following is true regarding cobalt 60?

a. It is a common radionuclide used in brachytherapy.
b. It has a half-life of 5.27 years.
c. Its energy is 3.25 MeV.
d. It was not effective as an external beam source.

A

b. It has a half-life of 5.27 years.

not commonly used in current brachytherapy
Energy is 1.17 and 1.33 MeV gamma rays
It has been typically used as an external beam source

20
Q

The radioisotope used to treat uveal melanoma of the eye is _________________.

a. iridium 192
b. cesium 137
c. gold 198
d. iodine 125

A

d. iodine 125

21
Q

Regarding question 20, why is brachytherapy the treatment of choice?

a. It has a high energy.
b. It is more effective than stereotactic and proton therapy procedures.
c. Vision is spared due to a lack of radiation-induced changes.
d. It is less expensive for the patient.

A

c. Vision is spared due to a lack of radiation-induced changes.

22
Q

Which of the following brachytherapy sources is used to treat breast cancer?

a. Gold 198
b. Iodine 125
c. Iridium 192
d. Radium 226

A

c. Iridium 192

23
Q

Permanent implants involve which of the following?
I. Sources packaged as tiny seeds
II. Sources with long half-lives
III. Sources implanted with needles in surgery
IV. Tumors that cannot be reached surgically
a. I and II
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

A

b. I and III

24
Q

The shape of the isodose distribution for a tandem and ovoid treatment is ____________.

a. apple shaped
b. triangular
c. mushroom shaped
d. pear shaped

A

d. pear shaped

25
Q

The Paris system is based on which of the following?

a. Radioactive sources must be rectilinear.
b. Source centers must be in a different plane.
c. Linear activity must be nonuniform along each source.
d. Sources can be spaced at any distance.

A

a. Radioactive sources must be rectilinear.

The system is based on four principles: radioactive sources must be rectilinear, centers must be in the same plane, linear activity must be uniform along each source, and the radioactive sources must be spaced uniformly.

26
Q

An autoradiograph is taken to ________________________.

a. determine the energy of the source
b. check source placement in the patient
c. verify uniformity of source
d. determine source strength

A

c. verify uniformity of source

27
Q

The radionuclide with radon as its daughter product is __________________.

a. cobalt 60
b. cesium 137
c. iridium 192
d. radium 226

A

d. radium 226

Radium decays to form radon, a heavy inert gas that further decays down to stable lead.

28
Q

Which of the following is the radionuclide with the largest average photon energy?

a. Cobalt 60
b. Cesium 137
c. Iridium 192
d. Radium 226

A

a. Cobalt 60

Cobalt 60 has an average energy of 1.25 MeV.
Cesium = 0.662 MeV,
Iridium = 0.380 MeV
Radium = 0.830 MeV.

29
Q

The average or mean life of iridium 192 is __________ days.

a. 51
b. 74
c. 107
d. 148

A

c. 107

mean life = 1.44 x half-life
1.44 x 74 days
= 107 days.

30
Q

As half-life increases, the overall activity ______________________.

a. increases
b. decreases
c. remains unchanged

A

b. decreases

The relationship between half-life and activity is inversely proportional. As half-life increases, overall activity decreases.

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