W/L Ch 15 Special Procedures Quiz Flashcards
Which of the following organs that can be affected by motion? I. Lung II. Liver III. Pancreas a. I and II b. II and III c. I and III d. I, II, and III
d. I, II, and III
Which of the following is a goal of radiation oncology?
a. Reduce side effects
b. Deliver accurate and precise treatments
c. Increase toxic effects
d. All of the above
a. Reduce side effects
Besides the patient and reference frame being registered, the stereotactic treatment must also ___________________.
a. control motion
b. conform to the fiducial
c. increase target volume
d. reduce treatment time
a. control motion
Stereotactic treatments can use large fraction size, so motion must be controlled to avoid more dose to normal tissue.
Heavy charged particles like protons have a(n) __________ fall-off in tissue that is desirable.
a. continuous
b. sharp
c. shortened
d. absent
b. sharp
An advantage of proton treatment is the Bragg Peak and the sharp fall-off.
Respiratory motion can be managed by which of the following?
I. Rapid CT scanning
II. 4DCT
III. Two–breath-hold CT
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III
b. II and III
Three different computed tomography (CT) approaches are slow CT scanning, two–breath-hold CT, and 4DCT.
Devices that are on the linear accelerator for imaging include all except which of the following?
a. OBI
b. EPID
c. CT-on-rails
d. Cone beam CT (CBCT)
c. CT-on-rails
Cone beam CT, TomoTherapy, and CT-on rails correct for _________ motion.
a. interfraction
b. intrafraction
a. interfraction
Cranial stereotactic treatments began with which of the following?
a. Cyber knife
b. Proton accelerator
c. Gamma knife
d. SBRT
c. Gamma knife
The first gamma knife treatment occurred in 1951.
Stereotactic treatments have been improved on linear accelerators because of which of the following advances?
a. High-quality in-room imaging
b. Tighter mechanical specifications
c. Small field treatments
d. Only a and b
d. Only a and b
Imaging and mechanical advances have improved stereotactic treatments but the fields remain small and precise.
Radiation therapists and radiation oncologists prefer the kV images because the _______________________.
a. contrast is better
b. metal artifacts are reduced
c. timing is more efficient
d. resolution is not an issue
a. contrast is better
The kV images provide better soft tissue contrast than MV images.
TomoTherapy differs from some other volumetric imaging techniques because it __________________________.
a. is both a CT and a linear accelerator
b. uses kV and MV imaging
c. delivers customized fields
d. uses the same source for imaging and treating
d. uses the same source for imaging and treating
Which of the following is the motion management method that defines an internal target volume?
a. OBI
b. compression
c. conservative
d. MIP
c. conservative
The cyber knife can treat anywhere in the body because it uses a(n) ___________ technique.
a. nonisocentric
b. repetitive
c. real-time
d. isocentric
a. nonisocentric
Electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) can ___________________.
I. use MV and kV
II. take orthogonal images
III. send images to multiple locations
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III
b. II and III
EPID uses only MV to create beam’s-eye view images.
For the ultrasound unit to know where it is in reference to the linear accelerator, it must be ________________ with the treatment delivery unit.
a. localized
b. attenuated
c. B-moded
d. registered
d. registered
Forced shallow breathing technique is used to control which of the following?
a. Compression
b. Imaging
c. Motion
d. Interfraction dose
c. Motion
Protons are ________________.
a. highly imaged
b. heavy charged particles
c. extended range
d. electrons
b. heavy charged particles
A single fraction of radiation to a brain metastasis would be what kind of stereotactic treatment?
a. Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT)
b. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
c. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
c. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
A four-dimensional CT scan uses a(n)__________________.
a. oversampled spiral CT scan
b. pitch of 1.5
c. scanner rotation of 0.5 second
d. auditory respiratory signal
a. oversampled spiral CT scan
4DCT uses an oversampled spiral CT, a pitch of 0.5, a scanner rotation of 1.5, and an external respiratory signal.
Turning the radiation on and off when the target is within the treatment volume represents which of the following?
a. A fiducial system
b. Gated treatments
c. A 4DCT data set
d. Forced shallow breathing
b. Gated treatments
Which of the following is the only approach to managing motion that allows for real-time feedback?
a. 4DCT
b. Gated treatment
c. RPM system
d. Electromagnetic transponder
d. Electromagnetic transponder
Electromagnetic transponder provides real-time feedback; the target isocenter can be monitored up to 10 times per second.
Cone beam CT _______________________.
a. uses a fan beam
b. has a 3D extended digital array
c. has an area detector with 2D extended digital array
d. has multiple rotational speeds
c. has an area detector with 2D extended digital array
Which of the following is a process that aligns multiple data sets into a single coordinate system so that the spatial locations of corresponding points coincide?
a. Registration
b. Recombination
c. IGRT
d. MIP
a. Registration
Image-guided radiation therapy is useful because it can ____________________.
I. result in a more focused treatment
II. account for interfraction and intrafraction motion
III. compare in-room image set with treatment planning image set
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III
d. I, II, and III
The typical width of the spread-out proton Bragg’s peak (SOBP) is _____________.
a. 2 to 16 mm
b. 2 to 16 cm
c. 1 to 25 mm
d. 1 to 25 cm
b. 2 to 16 cm
