W/L Ch 3 Principles of Pathology Quiz

Question 1

The three most common procedures used to make a diagnosis of cancer are all except which of the following?

a. Incisional
b. Excisional
c. Sputum cytology
d. Needle aspiration

Answer 1

c. Sputum cytology

Question 2

The purpose of the staging system for cancer is which of the following?

a. To evaluate the degree of differentiation of tumor
b. To estimate the prognosis of the patient
c. To evaluate the degrees of malignancy
d. To estimate the geographical extent of disease

Answer 2

d. To estimate the geographical extent of disease

Question 3

What is the main difference between benign and malignant neoplasms?

a. Benign neoplasms grow by expansion and remain localized; malignant neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by lymph or blood.
b. Benign neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by expansion and remain localized.
c. Benign neoplasms usually are not encapsulated, compared to malignant neoplasms, which are encapsulated.

Answer 3

a. Benign neoplasms grow by expansion and remain localized; malignant neoplasms grow by infiltration and metastasize by lymph or blood.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a specific criterion used in the “T” category to determine the “T” stage?

a. Firmness
b. Depth of invasion
c. Size
d. Surface spread

Answer 4

a. Firmness

Question 5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a malignant tumor?

a. Grows by local invasion
b. Can be life threatening
c. Grows rapidly
d. Malignant cells are encapsulated with fibrous tissue

Answer 5

d. Malignant cells are encapsulated with fibrous tissue

Question 6

Which of the following would likely be a stage I tumor?

a. T1 N0 M0
b. T2 N1 M0
c. T3 N2 M0
d. T3 N1 M1

Answer 6

a. T1 N0 M0

Question 7

When was the microscope introduced?

a. Sixteenth century
b. Seventeenth century
c. Eighteenth century
d. None of the above

Answer 7

b. Seventeenth century

Question 8

All except which of the following are organelles?

a. Mitochondria
b. Endoplasmic reticulum
c. Ribosomes
d. Plasma membrane

Answer 8

d. Plasma membrane

Question 9

Characteristics of malignant tumors include all except which of the following?

a. They have rapid growth.
b. They are encapsulated.
c. They metastasize frequently.
d. There is frequent vessel invasion.

Answer 9

b. They are encapsulated.

Question 10

Agents causing inflammation include which of the following?
I.   Hypoxia
II.  Chemicals
III. Ionizing radiation
IV. Allergic reactions
a.	I and II
b.	I, II, and III
c.	II, III, and IV
d.	I, II, III, and IV

Answer 10

d. I, II, III, and IV

Question 11

Inflammation is characterized by which of the following?
I.   Redness
II.  Warmth
III. Swelling
IV. Pain
a.	I and II
b.	I and III
c.	II, III, and IV
d.	I, II, III, and IV

Answer 11

d. I, II, III, and IV

Question 12

Cancers are broadly divided in terms of the malignant neoplastic process as which of the following?

a. Carcinomas and sarcomas
b. Carcinomas and myomas
c. Hyperplasia and metaplasia
d. Sarcomas and pleomorphic forms

Answer 12

a. Carcinomas and sarcomas

Question 13

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of fat?

a. Chondrosarcoma
b. Ewing’s tumor
c. Seminoma
d. Liposarcoma

Answer 13

d. Liposarcoma

Question 14

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of epithelial origin?

a. Rhabdomyosarcoma
b. Squamous cell carcinoma
c. Osteoma
d. Malignant angiosarcoma

Answer 14

b. Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 15

Which of the following is the most invasive procedure used to make a diagnosis of cancer?

a. Recovery of exfoliating cells
b. Fine needle aspiration of malignant cells
c. Open biopsy of the tumor
d. Retinoscopy

Answer 15

c. Open biopsy of the tumor

Question 16

A(n) ______________ is a term used to describe a gene that accelerates growth.

a. oncogene
b. tumor-suppressor gene
c. nucleoside
d. nucleotide

Answer 16

a. oncogene

Question 17

Etiology is defined as the study of which of the following?

a. Understanding of disease
b. Socioeconomic facts of disease
c. Cause of disease
d. Stratification of disease

Answer 17

c. Cause of disease

Question 18

Irreversible changes in a cell are indicated by all except which of the following?

a. Cellular swelling
b. Nucleus appears fragmented
c. Nucleus is enzymatically destroyed
d. Upon staining, cell appears as a series of color alterations
e. None of the above

Answer 18

a. Cellular swelling

Question 19

Hodgkin’s disease is a neoplasm that typically involves the _________.

a. brain
b. lung
c. lymph nodes
d. liver

Answer 19

c. lymph nodes

Question 20

The cancer of chimney sweeps identified by Percival Pott in mid-eighteenth-century England was related to which of the following chemicals?

a. Hydrocarbons
b. Asbestos
c. Arsenic
d. Nitrosamines

Answer 20

a. Hydrocarbons

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a characteristic of benign tumors?

a. Rapid growth rate
b. Frequent vessel invasion
c. Increased nuclear chromatin
d. Expansive local growth

Answer 21

d. Expansive local growth

Question 22

Which of the following describes the cell membrane?

a. Contains genetic DNA
b. Contains organelles
c. Is a permeable structure
d. Is the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 22

c. Is a permeable structure

Question 23

Which of the following describes the accidental leakage of intravenous drugs into the surrounding tissues?

a. Permeation
b. Metastasis
c. Extravasation
d. Hypoxia

Answer 23

c. Extravasation

Question 24

Homeostasis refers to a constant or stable ____________.

a. internal environment
b. external environment
c. temperature and pressure
d. nutritional supply

Answer 24

a. internal environment

Question 25

Cellular swelling is the hallmark of reversible damage and occurs as the damaged cellular membrane fails to properly regulate the concentration of ___________.

a. sodium
b. water
c. hydrogen
d. oxygen

Answer 25

a. sodium