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191 Clinical Dental Hygiene > W Ch 13 Extraoral And Intraoral Examination > Flashcards

W Ch 13 Extraoral And Intraoral Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Health related risk factors to assess during an examination

A 
History of previous cancer
Family history of squamous cell carcinoma
Alcohol and tobacco use
Cultural/genetic susceptibility 
Sun exposer/lack of sun protection
Diet
Certain surgeries
Risky sexual behavior
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2
Q

Types of examinations

A 
Complete
Screening
Limited examination
Follow-up
Continuing car/reevaluation
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3
Q

Complete examination

A

Includes thorough summary of all components of the assessment

Performed for all new patients and at each routine visit

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4
Q

Screening

A

Brief, preliminary exam for purposes of triage or pain relief

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5
Q

Limited examination

A

Brief exam for an emergency situation

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6
Q

Follow-up

A

brief exam to check healing following a treatment or procedure

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7
Q

Continuing/re-evaluation

A

After a period of time following completion of a care plan

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8
Q

Methods for examination

A 
Visual observation
Palpation
Instrumentation
Percussion
Electrical test
Auscultation
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9
Q

Types of visual examination

A

Direct observation
Radiographic observation
Transillumination

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10
Q

Direct observation

A

carried out systematically to note surface appearance (color, size etc) and observe movement and other evidence of function

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11
Q

Radiographic examination

A

The use of radiographs can reveal deviations from normal, not observable by direct vision

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12
Q

Transillumination

A

Strong light directed through soft tissue or a tooth to enhance examination is useful for detecting irregularities of the teeth and locating calculus

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13
Q

Palpation definition and types

A

Examination using the sense of touch through tissue manipulation or pressure on an area with gloved fingers of one or both hands

Digital
Bidigital
Bimanual
Bilateral

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14
Q

Digital palpation

A

The use of a single finger

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15
Q

Bidigital palpation

A

The use of a finger and thumb of the same hand

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16
Q

Bimanual palpation

A

The use of finger, or fingers and thumb from each hand applied simultaneously in coordination

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17
Q

Bilateral palpation

A

Two hands used at the same time to examine corresponding structures on opposite sides of the body. Comparisons can be made

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18
Q

Instrumentation

A

Instruments such as periodontal probes or explorers are used for specific examination of teeth and periodontal tissues

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19
Q

Percussion

A

The act of tapping a surface or tooth with the fingers or an instrument

Avoid on known sensitive teeth

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20
Q

Electrical test

A

An electric pulp tester may be used to detect the presence or absence of vital pulp tissue

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21
Q

Ascultation

A

The use of sound

Ex. clicking of the temporomandibular joint

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22
Q

Signs

A

Any abnormality identified by a healthcare professional while examining a patient

An OBJECTIVE symptom– observable changes such as color, shape consistency or abnormal findings while using a probe, explorer radiograph etc.

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23
Q

Symptom

A

Any departure from normal that may be indicative of disease

A SUBJECTIVE abnormality that is observed by the patient– ex. pain, tenderness and bleeding

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24
Q

Oral mucosa

A

Mucous membrane composed of connective tissue covered with stratified squamous epithelium

3 divisions: Masticatory, Lining and Specialized

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25
Masticatory mucosa
Covers the gingiva and hard palate-- areas most used during mastication Firmly attached to the underlying tissues except for the free margin of the gingiva
26
Lining Mucosa
Covers the inner surfaces of the lips, cheeks, floor of the mouth, underside of the tongue, soft palate and alveolar mucosa Not firmly attached to underlying tissues Not keratinized
27
Specialized Mucosa
Covers the dorsum of the tongue Comprised of many papillae-- some are tastebuds
28
4 Types of papillae found on the tongue
Filiform Fungiform Circumvallate Foliate
29
Filiform papilla
Threadlike keratinized elevations that cover the dorsal surface of the tongue-- most numerous Give the tongue its texture-- does not contain taste receptors
30
Fungiform papilla
Mushroom shaped papillae found among the filiform papillae on the tip and sides of tongue. Redder and contain variable numbers of taste buds
31
Circumvallate papilla
Large rund papillae arranged in a "V" between the body of the tongue and the base. Taste buds line the walls
32
Foliate papilla
Vertical grooves on the lateral posterior sides of the tongue. Contains taste buds
33
Descriptive words to define the location and extent of oral lesions
Localized- limited to a small focal area Generalized- involves most of a segment or are Single lesion- one of a particular type w/ a distinct margin Multiple lesions- more than one lesion of a particular type Lesions may be separate of coalescing with margins that merge
34
Physical characteristics of oral lesions
Size and shape Color Surface texture Consistency
35
Size and shape of lesions
Record length/width in mm Height may be significant Use a probe to measure
36
Color of lesions
Most common are red, pink, white and red and white Rare lesions may be blue, purple, gray, yellow, black or brown
37
Surface texture of lesions
May have a smooth or irregular surface Texture may be papillary, verrucous or wart-like, fissured, corrugated or crusted
38
Consistency of lesion
May be soft, spongy, resilient, hard or indurated
39
Classifications of lesions as they relate to the normal level of the skin or mucosa
Elevated, depressed or flat
40
Elevated lesions
Above the plane of the skin or mucosa Considered blisterform or nonblisterform
41
Blisterform lesions
Contain fluid and are usually soft and transluscent May be vesicles (small), pustules (med), bullae (large)
42
Nonblisterformlesions
Solid and do not contain fluid May be papules, nodules, tumors or plaques Also characterized by the base attachment (pedunculated (narrow) vs. sessile (wide))
43
Papule
small, solid lesion that may be pointed, rounded or flat topped
44
Nodule
larger than a papule
45
Tumor
2cm or greater in width. General swelling or enlargement Either malignant or benign
46
Plaque
Slightly raised lesion with a broad, flat top Usually larger than 5mm in diameter with a "pasted on" appearance
47
Depressed Lesion
Below the level of the skin or mucosa There may be a flat or raised border. Depth described as superficial or deep. Greater than 3mm is deep
48
Ulcer
Most depressed lesions are ulcers and represent a loss of continuity of the epithelium May result from the rupture of an elevated lesion
49
Erosion
Shallow, depressed soft tissue lesion in which the epithelium above the basal layer is denuded. Does not extend through epithelium to the underlying tissue
50
Crust
Outer layer covering, or scab formed from coagulation of drying blood
51
Aptha
small white or reddish ulcer
52
Cyst
closed, epithelial lined sac, normal to pathologic that contains fluid or other materials
53
Erythema
red area of variable size and shape
54
Exophytic
growing outward
55
Idiopathic
Of unknown etiology
56
Indurated
hardened or abnormally hard
57
Papillary
resembling a small, nipple shaped projection or elevation
58
Petechiae
minute hemorrhagic spots of pinpoint size
59
Polyp
any mass of tissue that prjects outward or upward from the normal surface level
60
Punctate
marked with points or dots differentiated from the surrounding surface by color, elevation or texture
61
Purulent
Containing, forming or discharging pus
62
Rubefacient
reddening of the skin
63
Torus
elevation or prominence usually found on the midline of the hard palate and the lingua surface of the mandible in the premolar area
64
Verucca
rough, wart-like growth
65
Most common locations for oral cancer
lateral borders of the tongue Floor of the mouth lips Soft palate complex
66
5 Basic forms of early oral cancer
``` White areas Red areas Ulcers Masses Pigmentation ```

191 Clinical Dental Hygiene (14 decks)

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