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191 Clinical Dental Hygiene > W Ch 13 Extraoral And Intraoral Examination > Flashcards

W Ch 13 Extraoral And Intraoral Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Health related risk factors to assess during an examination

A 
History of previous cancer
Family history of squamous cell carcinoma
Alcohol and tobacco use
Cultural/genetic susceptibility 
Sun exposer/lack of sun protection
Diet
Certain surgeries
Risky sexual behavior
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2
Q

Types of examinations

A 
Complete
Screening
Limited examination
Follow-up
Continuing car/reevaluation
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3
Q

Complete examination

A

Includes thorough summary of all components of the assessment

Performed for all new patients and at each routine visit

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4
Q

Screening

A

Brief, preliminary exam for purposes of triage or pain relief

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5
Q

Limited examination

A

Brief exam for an emergency situation

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6
Q

Follow-up

A

brief exam to check healing following a treatment or procedure

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7
Q

Continuing/re-evaluation

A

After a period of time following completion of a care plan

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8
Q

Methods for examination

A 
Visual observation
Palpation
Instrumentation
Percussion
Electrical test
Auscultation
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9
Q

Types of visual examination

A

Direct observation
Radiographic observation
Transillumination

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10
Q

Direct observation

A

carried out systematically to note surface appearance (color, size etc) and observe movement and other evidence of function

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11
Q

Radiographic examination

A

The use of radiographs can reveal deviations from normal, not observable by direct vision

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12
Q

Transillumination

A

Strong light directed through soft tissue or a tooth to enhance examination is useful for detecting irregularities of the teeth and locating calculus

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13
Q

Palpation definition and types

A

Examination using the sense of touch through tissue manipulation or pressure on an area with gloved fingers of one or both hands

Digital
Bidigital
Bimanual
Bilateral

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14
Q

Digital palpation

A

The use of a single finger

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15
Q

Bidigital palpation

A

The use of a finger and thumb of the same hand

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16
Q

Bimanual palpation

A

The use of finger, or fingers and thumb from each hand applied simultaneously in coordination

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17
Q

Bilateral palpation

A

Two hands used at the same time to examine corresponding structures on opposite sides of the body. Comparisons can be made

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18
Q

Instrumentation

A

Instruments such as periodontal probes or explorers are used for specific examination of teeth and periodontal tissues

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19
Q

Percussion

A

The act of tapping a surface or tooth with the fingers or an instrument

Avoid on known sensitive teeth

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20
Q

Electrical test

A

An electric pulp tester may be used to detect the presence or absence of vital pulp tissue

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21
Q

Ascultation

A

The use of sound

Ex. clicking of the temporomandibular joint

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22
Q

Signs

A

Any abnormality identified by a healthcare professional while examining a patient

An OBJECTIVE symptom– observable changes such as color, shape consistency or abnormal findings while using a probe, explorer radiograph etc.

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23
Q

Symptom

A

Any departure from normal that may be indicative of disease

A SUBJECTIVE abnormality that is observed by the patient– ex. pain, tenderness and bleeding

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24
Q

Oral mucosa

A

Mucous membrane composed of connective tissue covered with stratified squamous epithelium

3 divisions: Masticatory, Lining and Specialized

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25
Q

Masticatory mucosa

A

Covers the gingiva and hard palate– areas most used during mastication

Firmly attached to the underlying tissues except for the free margin of the gingiva

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26
Q

Lining Mucosa

A

Covers the inner surfaces of the lips, cheeks, floor of the mouth, underside of the tongue, soft palate and alveolar mucosa

Not firmly attached to underlying tissues
Not keratinized

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27
Q

Specialized Mucosa

A

Covers the dorsum of the tongue

Comprised of many papillae– some are tastebuds

28
Q

4 Types of papillae found on the tongue

A

Filiform
Fungiform
Circumvallate
Foliate

29
Q

Filiform papilla

A

Threadlike keratinized elevations that cover the dorsal surface of the tongue– most numerous

Give the tongue its texture– does not contain taste receptors

30
Q

Fungiform papilla

A

Mushroom shaped papillae found among the filiform papillae on the tip and sides of tongue.

Redder and contain variable numbers of taste buds

31
Q

Circumvallate papilla

A

Large rund papillae arranged in a “V” between the body of the tongue and the base. Taste buds line the walls

32
Q

Foliate papilla

A

Vertical grooves on the lateral posterior sides of the tongue. Contains taste buds

33
Q

Descriptive words to define the location and extent of oral lesions

A

Localized- limited to a small focal area
Generalized- involves most of a segment or are
Single lesion- one of a particular type w/ a distinct margin
Multiple lesions- more than one lesion of a particular type

Lesions may be separate of coalescing with margins that merge

34
Q

Physical characteristics of oral lesions

A

Size and shape
Color
Surface texture
Consistency

35
Q

Size and shape of lesions

A

Record length/width in mm
Height may be significant
Use a probe to measure

36
Q

Color of lesions

A

Most common are red, pink, white and red and white

Rare lesions may be blue, purple, gray, yellow, black or brown

37
Q

Surface texture of lesions

A

May have a smooth or irregular surface

Texture may be papillary, verrucous or wart-like, fissured, corrugated or crusted

38
Q

Consistency of lesion

A

May be soft, spongy, resilient, hard or indurated

39
Q

Classifications of lesions as they relate to the normal level of the skin or mucosa

A

Elevated, depressed or flat

40
Q

Elevated lesions

A

Above the plane of the skin or mucosa

Considered blisterform or nonblisterform

41
Q

Blisterform lesions

A

Contain fluid and are usually soft and transluscent

May be vesicles (small), pustules (med), bullae (large)

42
Q

Nonblisterformlesions

A

Solid and do not contain fluid

May be papules, nodules, tumors or plaques

Also characterized by the base attachment (pedunculated (narrow) vs. sessile (wide))

43
Q

Papule

A

small, solid lesion that may be pointed, rounded or flat topped

44
Q

Nodule

A

larger than a papule

45
Q

Tumor

A

2cm or greater in width. General swelling or enlargement

Either malignant or benign

46
Q

Plaque

A

Slightly raised lesion with a broad, flat top

Usually larger than 5mm in diameter with a “pasted on” appearance

47
Q

Depressed Lesion

A

Below the level of the skin or mucosa

There may be a flat or raised border. Depth described as superficial or deep. Greater than 3mm is deep

48
Q

Ulcer

A

Most depressed lesions are ulcers and represent a loss of continuity of the epithelium

May result from the rupture of an elevated lesion

49
Q

Erosion

A

Shallow, depressed soft tissue lesion in which the epithelium above the basal layer is denuded. Does not extend through epithelium to the underlying tissue

50
Q

Crust

A

Outer layer covering, or scab formed from coagulation of drying blood

51
Q

Aptha

A

small white or reddish ulcer

52
Q

Cyst

A

closed, epithelial lined sac, normal to pathologic that contains fluid or other materials

53
Q

Erythema

A

red area of variable size and shape

54
Q

Exophytic

A

growing outward

55
Q

Idiopathic

A

Of unknown etiology

56
Q

Indurated

A

hardened or abnormally hard

57
Q

Papillary

A

resembling a small, nipple shaped projection or elevation

58
Q

Petechiae

A

minute hemorrhagic spots of pinpoint size

59
Q

Polyp

A

any mass of tissue that prjects outward or upward from the normal surface level

60
Q

Punctate

A

marked with points or dots differentiated from the surrounding surface by color, elevation or texture

61
Q

Purulent

A

Containing, forming or discharging pus

62
Q

Rubefacient

A

reddening of the skin

63
Q

Torus

A

elevation or prominence usually found on the midline of the hard palate and the lingua surface of the mandible in the premolar area

64
Q

Verucca

A

rough, wart-like growth

65
Q

Most common locations for oral cancer

A

lateral borders of the tongue
Floor of the mouth
lips
Soft palate complex

66
Q

5 Basic forms of early oral cancer

A 
White areas
Red areas
Ulcers
Masses
Pigmentation

191 Clinical Dental Hygiene (14 decks)

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