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191 Clinical Dental Hygiene > Principles Of Instrumentation > Flashcards

Principles Of Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

Significance of instrument design

A

Characteristics may vary btw manufacturers

Ones w/ ergonomic design prevent musculoskeletal injury

Consider handle, shank, working end design

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2
Q

Variations in handle design

A

Important to prevent injury

Characteristics to consider: weight, diameter, taper, texture

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3
Q

Recommended instrument characteristics

A

Lightweight handle
Larger diameter
Tapered handle
Raised texturing

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4
Q

Instrument characteristics to avoid

A

Heavy, solid metal
Small diameter
Non tapered handle
No texturing

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5
Q

Pinch force

A

Refers to force used to grasp the handle during instrumentation

Repetitive forceful pinching of an instrument is risk factor for carpal tunnel

Large handle diameters and light weight require less pinch force

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6
Q

Double ended instruments

A

May have paired or unpaired working ends

Curets are frequently double ended

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7
Q

Unpaired working ends

A

Have dissimilar working ends

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8
Q

Paired working ends

A

Have mirror image working ends

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9
Q

How are instruments identified

A

By the number closest to the working end

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10
Q

Parts of the working end

A 
Face
Back
Lateral surfaces
Cutting edges
Toe or Tip
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11
Q

Face + Back

A 
Face= surface
Back= surface opposite the face
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12
Q

Lateral surfaces

A

Surfaces on either side of the face

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13
Q

Cutting edge

A

Sharp edge formed where the face and lateral surfaces meet

Most working ends have 2 cutting edges

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14
Q

Instrument shank

A

Shanks on most perio instruments are bent in one or more places to facilitate placement of the working end against the tooth surface

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15
Q

Simple shank design

A

For anterior teeth

Hold so working end tip or tow is facing you

Will appear to be straight

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16
Q

Complex shank design

A

Posterior teeth

Hold the instrument so that the working end tip or toe is facing you

Complex shank has side to side bends

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17
Q

Regions to the shank

A

Functional shank

Lower shank

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18
Q

Functional shank

A

Portion that allows working end to be adapted to the tooth surface

Begins below the working end- extends to last bend in shank nearest the handle

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19
Q

Lower shank

A

Portion of the functional shank that is nearest to the working end

Also called the “terminal shank”

Typically parallel to the tooth

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20
Q

Instrument classification

A

Divided into two types based on the specific design characteristics of the working end

Assessment instruments
Calculus removal instruments

21
Q

Assessment instruments

A

Periodontal probes

Explorers

22
Q

Calculus removal instruments

A

Sickle scalers

Cutest

Periodontal files

23
Q

Periodontal probes

A

Slender instrument used to evaluate the health of the perio tissues

Blunt, rod shaped working end

24
Q

Explorer

A

Used to locate calculus deposits, tooth irregularities and defective restoration margins

Circular in cross section

25
Sickle scaler
Used to remove calculus deposits supragingival Triangular in cross section Pointed tip Pointed back
26
Curet
Used to remove calculus deposits Semi circular in cross section Rounded toe Rounded back
27
Basic instruments for examination
Mouth mirror Air water syringe Explorers Periodontal probes
28
Functions of the instrument grasp
Dominant hand- holds and activates the instrument Non-dominant hand- holds the mirror or retracts the lip
29
Types of grasps
Modified pen grasp Palm
30
Fulcrum
Support upon which a lever rests while force intended to produce motion is exerted
31
Finger rest
For an intraoral rest The place on a tooth or teeth where the ring finger of the hand holding the instrument is placed to provide stabilization and control during activation of the instrument
32
Types of fulcrum
Intraoral Extra oral Alternative- substitute, supplementary, reinforced Touch or pressure applied to finger rest
33
Intraoral fulcrum
Stabilization of the dominant hand in the mouth Pad of ring finger on a tooth near tooth being instrumented
34
Extra oral fulcrum
Stabilization of non-dominant hand outside the mouth, usually on the cheek or chin Used with the dental mirror
35
Dental mirror
Used to view tooth surfaces that cannot be seen using direct vision Ex. Used to view the lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth
36
Types of dental mirrors
Front surface Concave Plane (flat surface)
37
Most commonly used dental mirror
Frontal surface : clear image w/ no distortion
38
Stabilization of dental mirror
Non dominant hand grasps mirror during instrumentation Ring and index fingers used to stabilize May rest fingers on patients chin, cheek or tooth surface to stabilize
39
“Grasp and place”
Grasp mirror, place mirror head in frisbee position btw dental arches
40
“Turn, Rest, Retract”
Turn mirror until it is parallel to the buccal mucosa of cheek Establish extra oral finger rest Use arm muscles to retract cheek
41
Functions of the dental mirror
Indirect vision Retraction Indirect illumination Transillumination
42
Indirect vision
Use of a mirror to view a tooth surface or intraoral structure that cannot be seen directly Mastery is important for preventing awkward body positions when trying to view teeth “directly”
43
Retraction
Use of the mirror head to hold patients cheek, lip or tongue so you can view the tooth surfaces that are otherwise hidden from view Index finger used to retract lip from teeth- more comfortable
44
Indirect illumination
Use of mirror to reflect light into a tooth or soft tissue structure in a dark area of the mouth
45
Transillumination
Anterior teeth typically Reveals interproximal decay— seen as shadows on the teeth
46
Air-water syringe
Improve and facilitate examination Dry supragingival calculus Deflect the free gingival margin for observation Improve visability of treatment area Prepare teeth and/or gingiva for certain procedures
47
Procedure for use of air-water syringe
Palm grasp, thumb on release lever or buttons Test air flow before using in the mouth to control strength Supplement air drying with use of saliva ejector and folded gauze placed in vestibule
48
Air-water syringe precautions
Avoid sharp blasts of air insensitive areas Avoid forceful application of air which can direct saliva and debris out of oral cavity it’s Air directed toward posterior region of mouth may cause coughing Avoid startling the patient, give a warning

191 Clinical Dental Hygiene (14 decks)

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