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191 Clinical Dental Hygiene > Principles Of Instrumentation > Flashcards

Principles Of Instrumentation Flashcards

1
Q

Significance of instrument design

A

Characteristics may vary btw manufacturers

Ones w/ ergonomic design prevent musculoskeletal injury

Consider handle, shank, working end design

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2
Q

Variations in handle design

A

Important to prevent injury

Characteristics to consider: weight, diameter, taper, texture

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3
Q

Recommended instrument characteristics

A

Lightweight handle
Larger diameter
Tapered handle
Raised texturing

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4
Q

Instrument characteristics to avoid

A

Heavy, solid metal
Small diameter
Non tapered handle
No texturing

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5
Q

Pinch force

A

Refers to force used to grasp the handle during instrumentation

Repetitive forceful pinching of an instrument is risk factor for carpal tunnel

Large handle diameters and light weight require less pinch force

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6
Q

Double ended instruments

A

May have paired or unpaired working ends

Curets are frequently double ended

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7
Q

Unpaired working ends

A

Have dissimilar working ends

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8
Q

Paired working ends

A

Have mirror image working ends

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9
Q

How are instruments identified

A

By the number closest to the working end

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10
Q

Parts of the working end

A 
Face
Back
Lateral surfaces
Cutting edges
Toe or Tip
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11
Q

Face + Back

A 
Face= surface
Back= surface opposite the face
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12
Q

Lateral surfaces

A

Surfaces on either side of the face

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13
Q

Cutting edge

A

Sharp edge formed where the face and lateral surfaces meet

Most working ends have 2 cutting edges

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14
Q

Instrument shank

A

Shanks on most perio instruments are bent in one or more places to facilitate placement of the working end against the tooth surface

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15
Q

Simple shank design

A

For anterior teeth

Hold so working end tip or tow is facing you

Will appear to be straight

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16
Q

Complex shank design

A

Posterior teeth

Hold the instrument so that the working end tip or toe is facing you

Complex shank has side to side bends

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17
Q

Regions to the shank

A

Functional shank

Lower shank

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18
Q

Functional shank

A

Portion that allows working end to be adapted to the tooth surface

Begins below the working end- extends to last bend in shank nearest the handle

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19
Q

Lower shank

A

Portion of the functional shank that is nearest to the working end

Also called the “terminal shank”

Typically parallel to the tooth

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20
Q

Instrument classification

A

Divided into two types based on the specific design characteristics of the working end

Assessment instruments
Calculus removal instruments

21
Q

Assessment instruments

A

Periodontal probes

Explorers

22
Q

Calculus removal instruments

A

Sickle scalers

Cutest

Periodontal files

23
Q

Periodontal probes

A

Slender instrument used to evaluate the health of the perio tissues

Blunt, rod shaped working end

24
Q

Explorer

A

Used to locate calculus deposits, tooth irregularities and defective restoration margins

Circular in cross section

25
Q

Sickle scaler

A

Used to remove calculus deposits supragingival

Triangular in cross section
Pointed tip
Pointed back

26
Q

Curet

A

Used to remove calculus deposits

Semi circular in cross section
Rounded toe
Rounded back

27
Q

Basic instruments for examination

A

Mouth mirror

Air water syringe

Explorers

Periodontal probes

28
Q

Functions of the instrument grasp

A

Dominant hand- holds and activates the instrument

Non-dominant hand- holds the mirror or retracts the lip

29
Q

Types of grasps

A

Modified pen grasp

Palm

30
Q

Fulcrum

A

Support upon which a lever rests while force intended to produce motion is exerted

31
Q

Finger rest

A

For an intraoral rest

The place on a tooth or teeth where the ring finger of the hand holding the instrument is placed to provide stabilization and control during activation of the instrument

32
Q

Types of fulcrum

A

Intraoral
Extra oral
Alternative- substitute, supplementary, reinforced
Touch or pressure applied to finger rest

33
Q

Intraoral fulcrum

A

Stabilization of the dominant hand in the mouth

Pad of ring finger on a tooth near tooth being instrumented

34
Q

Extra oral fulcrum

A

Stabilization of non-dominant hand outside the mouth, usually on the cheek or chin

Used with the dental mirror

35
Q

Dental mirror

A

Used to view tooth surfaces that cannot be seen using direct vision

Ex. Used to view the lingual surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth

36
Q

Types of dental mirrors

A

Front surface

Concave

Plane (flat surface)

37
Q

Most commonly used dental mirror

A

Frontal surface : clear image w/ no distortion

38
Q

Stabilization of dental mirror

A

Non dominant hand grasps mirror during instrumentation

Ring and index fingers used to stabilize

May rest fingers on patients chin, cheek or tooth surface to stabilize

39
Q

“Grasp and place”

A

Grasp mirror, place mirror head in frisbee position btw dental arches

40
Q

“Turn, Rest, Retract”

A

Turn mirror until it is parallel to the buccal mucosa of cheek

Establish extra oral finger rest

Use arm muscles to retract cheek

41
Q

Functions of the dental mirror

A

Indirect vision
Retraction
Indirect illumination
Transillumination

42
Q

Indirect vision

A

Use of a mirror to view a tooth surface or intraoral structure that cannot be seen directly

Mastery is important for preventing awkward body positions when trying to view teeth “directly”

43
Q

Retraction

A

Use of the mirror head to hold patients cheek, lip or tongue so you can view the tooth surfaces that are otherwise hidden from view

Index finger used to retract lip from teeth- more comfortable

44
Q

Indirect illumination

A

Use of mirror to reflect light into a tooth or soft tissue structure in a dark area of the mouth

45
Q

Transillumination

A

Anterior teeth typically

Reveals interproximal decay— seen as shadows on the teeth

46
Q

Air-water syringe

A

Improve and facilitate examination

Dry supragingival calculus
Deflect the free gingival margin for observation

Improve visability of treatment area
Prepare teeth and/or gingiva for certain procedures

47
Q

Procedure for use of air-water syringe

A

Palm grasp, thumb on release lever or buttons

Test air flow before using in the mouth to control strength

Supplement air drying with use of saliva ejector and folded gauze placed in vestibule

48
Q

Air-water syringe precautions

A

Avoid sharp blasts of air insensitive areas

Avoid forceful application of air which can direct saliva and debris out of oral cavity it’s

Air directed toward posterior region of mouth may cause coughing

Avoid startling the patient, give a warning

191 Clinical Dental Hygiene (14 decks)

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