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191 Clinical Dental Hygiene > Extra Oral Examination > Flashcards

Extra Oral Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we do an extra/intra oral exam?

A 
Early identification 
To detect cancers
Thyroid disorders
Eating disorders
Nutritional deficiencies 
STD’s
Systemic conditions
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2
Q

Sequence of extra oral examination

A 
Overall appraisal of patient
Face
Skin
Eyes
Nodes 
Glands
Temporomandibular joint
Lips (herpetic lesions?)
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3
Q

What should you ask your patient during the exam?

A

Pain or discomfort during palpation/swallowing

Persistent difficulty swallowing w/no pain

Recent lumps/bumps w/ no pain

Persistent earache or hoarseness

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4
Q

Methods for examination

A 
Visual exam
Palpation 
Instrumentation 
Percussion 
Electrical test
Auscultation
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5
Q

4 types of palpation

A

Digital
Bidigital
Bimanual
Bilateral

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6
Q

What are signs

A

Objective and observable by hygienist/dentist

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7
Q

What are symptoms

A

Subjective, felt or experienced by patient

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8
Q

What does the physical exam technique consist of?

A

Visual inspection of the skin of the head and neck

Palpation of the lymph nodes, salivary gland’s, thyroid, and TMJ

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9
Q

What is palpation

A

Using fingertips to move or compress structures against tissues

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10
Q

To detect abnormalities such as swelling, tumors, or in large lymph nodes, the structure must be compressed:

A

Against a firm Structure such as bone or between examiners fingers

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11
Q

Why must you also request information from the patient about your findings

A

They may have information about the duration and may know the cause

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12
Q

Four sub groups of the head and neck exam

A

Overall appraisal of head neck face and skin
Lymph nodes
Salivary gland‘s
TMJ

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13
Q

What happens during the overall appraisal of the head and neck

A

Greet and see patient. While chatting do visual assessment of face and neck

Divide face and neck into imaginary zones noting signs of a symmetry, unequal peoples, skin color changes or lesions

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14
Q

Notable findings during the overall appraisal of the head and neck

A 
Lesions or color changes of the skin
Uneven pattern of hair loss
Swelling of face/neck
Masses on the neck
Wounds, bruises, scars
Asymmetry of face or neck
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15
Q

What is the lymphatic system

A

A network of lymph nodes connected by lymphatic vessels

Plays a role in defense against infection

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16
Q

What are lymph nodes

A

Being shipped structures that filter and trap bacteria, fungi, viruses and wastes

Always passes through at least one lymph node where it is filtered and destroyed

17
Q

How many lymph nodes are in the body and the neck

A

400-700 in the body

170-200 in the neck

18
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Nodes swell in area of infection
Usually in large to a half inch to 1 inch across
Can in large over 1 inch with a bacterial infection
Painless with cancer
Lymphatic system can transport cancer cells throughout the body

19
Q

Keys to effective examination procedure

A

Consistent sequence every time
Correct palpation technique
Careful documentation

20
Q

Characteristics of infected lymph nodes

A 
Firm and tender
Enlarged and warm
Bilateral swelling
Freely movable from underlying structures
Swollen, feels like a grape
21
Q

Characteristics of malignant lymph nodes

A

Firm and not tender
Matted, stuck to each other
Fixed, stuck to underlying tissue
Unilateral, only on one side

22
Q

Salivary gland

A

Produce saliva and release it into the mouth through ducts

23
Q

3 main pairs of salivary gland

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

24
Q

Parotid gland

A

Located on the surface of the masseter muscle between the ear and jaw

25
Q

Submandibular gland

A

Sit below the jaw towards the back of the mouth

26
Q

Sublingual gland

A

Located under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth

27
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland that secretes thyroid hormone that controls the bodies metabolic rate

28
Q

What is a goiter

A

Enlarged thyroid gland

29
Q

Characteristics of the thyroid gland and it’s location

A 
Has a bowtie shape
Located in middle of lower neck
Covered by skin and muscles
Sits below the larynx
Sits over the trachea and just above the clavicle‘s
30
Q

Notable findings of the salivary glands

A

Swollen/enlarged
Firm, hard consistency
Tender to palpation

31
Q

Notable findings of the thyroid gland

A 
Deviates from midline
Asymmetrical lobes
Enlarged lobes
Nodules present
Hard, firm consistency
Fixed to underlying structures
32
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Connects the mandible to the temporal bone at the side of the head

Allows draw to open/close and perform excursions

Cartilage disc keep skull and mandible from rubbing

33
Q

Notable findings of the TMJ

A 
Abnormal sounds
Asymmetrical movements
Grating sensations as jaw opens and closes
Tenderness or pain reported by patient
Limited range of movement

191 Clinical Dental Hygiene (14 decks)

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