Final Flashcards
What are the three basic methods for pre-cleaning instruments
Manual scrubbing
Instrument washer/thermal disinfector
Ultrasonic processing
What are the three methods of sterilization
Steam under pressure (autoclave)
Dry heat oven (longest)
Unsaturated chemical vapor
Approved methods of sterilization
Steam under pressure
Dry heat
Chemical vapor
Immediate use steam sterilization
Chemical or cold sterilization (not recommended)
What can steam under pressure sterilization be used for
All materials except oils, waxes and powders that are in pervious to steam and materials that cannot be subjected to high temperatures
Advantages of steam under pressure sterilization
I’ll micro organisms, spores and viruses are destroyed quickly and efficiently. Wide variety of materials may be treated. Most economical method
Disadvantages of steam under pressure
Make a road carbon steel instruments of precautions are taken
Uses for dry heat sterilization
Primarily for materials that cannot be safely sterilized with steam. For small metal instruments enclosed in special containers or that might be corroded or rusted by moisture
How does dry heat sterilization work
Achieved by heat conducted from the exterior service to the interior of the object. Temperature of 160°C (320°F) maintained for two hours or 170°C (340°F) for one hour
Timing starts once desired temperature has been reached
Advantages of dry heat sterilization
Useful for materials that cannot be subjected to steam under pressure. When maintained a correct temperature this method as well suited for sharp instruments, no corrosion compared with steam
Disadvantages of dry heat sterilization
Long exposure time required. Penetration is slow and uneven. High temperatures critical to certain materials
Uses for chemical vapor sterilization
Cannot be used for materials are objects that can be altered by the chemicals that make the vapor where they cannot withstand the high temperature. Examples are low melting plastics, liquids or heat sensitive handpieces
How chemical vapor sterilizers work
Microbial and viral destruction results from the permeation of the heated formaldehyde and alcohol. Heavy tightly wrapped or sealed packages would not permit the penetration of the vapors
Advantages of chemical vapor sterilization
Corrosion and rust free operation for carbon steel instruments. Ability to sterilize in a relatively short total cycle. He’s of operation and care of the instrument
Disadvantages of chemical vapor sterilization
Adequate ventilation is needed. Can I use in a small room. Slight odor
How is disinfection achieved
Achieved by coagulation, precipitation or oxidation of proteins of microbial cells. The nature ration of the enzymes of the cells
What are the four different patient chair positions
Upright
Semi upright
Supine
Trendelenburg
Semi upright
Patients with certain types of cardiovascular, respiratory or vertical problems may need this position
Supine
Brain is on the same level as the heart
Trendelenburg
Heart is higher than the head. Feet elevated
Characteristics of neutral patient position
Chair back nearly parallel to the floor for max treatment
Chair back raised slightly for mand treatment
For maxillary arch chin up position angle the head rest up into the back of the patient’s head so nose and chin are level
For mandibular arch chin down position ankle the headrest forward and down so the chin is lower than the nose
Neutral working position
Upper arms parallel to torso
Arms not raised
Shoulders relaxed
Clinicians face 15 to 22 inches from patient
Easy neutral position
Set along side the patient
Position arm against your side
Position your arm crossed at your waist
Lower the patient’s chair until the patient’s open mouth is below the point of your elbow
What are the two types of bacteria that carries cannot occur without
Mutans streptococci
Lactobacillus
Which bacteria is responsible for initiating the carious lesion
Mutans streptococci
Rapidly produces lactic acid
