Volume Changes And Disease States

Question 1

Signs of hemorrhage

Answer 1

Cutaneous vein collapsed

Tachypnea

Question 2

Cardiovascular of consequences of hemorrhage

Answer 2

Moderate hypotension
Severe hypotension
Hemorrhagic shock
Death

Question 3

What mechanisms are meant to insure cardiac output to ensure blood flow to brain and heart

Answer 3

Baroreceptor and sympathetic activation

Question 4

5 - 10 % lose of blood for 25 kg dog and 50 kg horse

Answer 4

100 -200 ml

2 -4 liters

Question 5

Endogenous vasoconstrictors.

Answer 5

Epinephrine
Angiotensin
Vasopressin

Question 6

Epinephrine

Answer 6

Released from adrenal medulla via ACTH and splanchnic sympathetic drive

Question 7

Angiotensin

Answer 7

Decreased renal arterial pressure
Increased renal sympathetic drive
Catecholaminergic stimulation of renin release

Question 8

Vasopressin

Answer 8

Decreased barorecptor input (disinhibit)

Angiotensin II triggered stimulation

Question 9

Severe hemorrhage loss =

Answer 9

> 30 % total blood volume

MAO