Lecture 1 (Introduction to the cardiovascular system)

Question 1

Four functional components of the 2 divisions (pulmonary and systemic)

Answer 1

Pump (ventricles)
Distribution system (arteries and arterioles)
Exchange region (capillaries)
Collection system (venules and veins)

Question 2

The main function of the cardiovascular system is to

Answer 2

Continuously distribute blood throughout the body

Question 3

Diastole

Answer 3

Ventricular relaxation

Aortic > ventricular pressure

Question 4

Systole

Answer 4

Ventricular activation

Aortic

Question 5

Basic features of the vascular system or distribution system

Answer 5

Arteries and arterioles
-Regulate flow to select vascular beds
Thick muscle wall layer
The blood transports metabolic substrates to tissues and metabolic waste products away from tissues

Question 6

Exchange occurs at the level of

Answer 6

The capillaries (no muscle layer)

Question 7

What transports blood back to the heart

Answer 7

Venules and veins

Question 8

Venules and veins are

Answer 8

Thin walled, highly compliant vessels which operate under extremely low pressures

Question 9

The coordinated function is regulated by

Answer 9

Autonomic nervous system
renin - angiotensin - aldosterone system (RAAS)
Epinephrine

Question 10

In cardiovascular disease

Answer 10

Flow is disrupted

Question 11

Flow

Answer 11

The volume of blood that moves past a particular point in the cardiovascular system in a given time

Question 12

Typical “flow” through the aorta of a dog

Answer 12

2.5 liters/min (cardiac output)

Question 13

Flow is determined by

Answer 13

Pressure or energy pushing the liquid and resistance in the system to flow

Question 14

The force that causes blood to flow

Answer 14

Blood pressure

Question 15

Flow is proportional to

Answer 15

The pressure differences in between two points

Question 18

The greatest resistance to flow is

Answer 18

Vessel diameter

Question 19

F =

Answer 19

F = (P1-P2)/R