Volcanology

Question 1

the study of volcanoes and its materials and its processes

Answer 1

volcanology

Question 2

a person who engages in the study of volcanology

Answer 2

volcanologist

Question 3

a naturally occurring landform produced where lava erupts onto the surface

Answer 3

volcano

Question 4

allows volcanoes to erupt

Answer 4

decompression

Question 5

3 locations where volcanoes erupt

Answer 5

1. pacific ring of fire
2. spreading centers
3. hotspots

Question 6

40,000km long zone bordering much of the pacific plate

Answer 6

pacific ring of fire/pacific rim

Question 7

plates tracing the pacific ring of fire

Answer 7

1. indo-australian
2. philippine
3. north american
4. juan de fuca
5. cocos
6. caribbean
7. nazca
8. south american

Question 8

the pacific ring of fire is highly volcanically and seismically active having about _% or around _ volcanoes located in it

Answer 8

75%; 450

Question 9

most of the pacific ring of fire subducts, especially along the western side, but has a _ boundary where it meets the _ plate

Answer 9

transform; north american

Question 10

surface manifestation of hot mantle plumes. these have very active volcanism, high heat flow, and crustal uplifiting

Answer 10

hotspots

Question 11

hotspot-formed chain of islands off the coast of the continental united states

Answer 11

emperor seamount chain

Question 12

3 hotspot classifications according to Courtillot

Answer 12

1. core-mantle boundary origin
2. upper mantle origin
3. lithosperic origin

Question 13

regions where divergent plate boundaries spread and produce juvenile magma, creating submarine volcanoes

Answer 13

spreading centers

Question 14

opening on a volcano where a conduit or pipe terminates

Answer 14

vent

Question 15

a circular pipe where magma movement is localized

Answer 15

conduit/pipe

Question 16

funnel shaped depression found at the summit of most volcanoes

Answer 16

crater

Question 17

small cone shaped volcano formed from the flank eruption of a main volcano

Answer 17

parasitic cone

Question 18

large underground region of magma that supplies the volcano

Answer 18

magma chamber

Question 19

2 ways to classify a volcano

Answer 19

1. morphology
2. activity and history

Question 20

produced by the accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas and exhibit the shape of a broad, slightly domed structure with gently sloping flanks, 15° or less

Answer 20

shield volcano

Question 21

built from inter-layered tephra and lava flows, generally products of gas-rich andesitic magna, with slopes of 10° to 30°. considered as the most dangerous and eruptive

Answer 21

stratovolcano/composite volcanoes

Question 22

composed mostly of loosely ejected ash and some lava, appearing relatively symmetrical and steeply built with large deep craters. most were produced by a single eruptive event

Answer 22

pyroclastic cones

Question 23

pyroclastic cones dominantly composed of vesicular, basaltic material

Answer 23

scoria cones

Question 24

pyroclastic cones with various compositions

Answer 24

cinder cones

Question 25

a cinder cone studied from its birth to death

Answer 25

paricutin volcano, mexico

Question 26

a large depression, >1km in diameter, caused by the collapse of a volcano’s summit following a large eruptive event or the depletion of its magma chamber

Answer 26

caldera

Question 27

a volcano with an eruptive history of VEI 8

Answer 27

supervolcano

Question 28

massive caldera complex in Wyoming, USA famous for its supervolcano eruptions. Its a hotspot that produces acidic magma

Answer 28

yellowstone supervolcano

Question 29

classification of volcanoes based on history (PHIVOLCS)

Answer 29

1. active
2. potentially active
3. inactive

Question 30

active volcano (PHIVOLCS)

Answer 30

recorded eruption for past 600 years and datable material since 10,000 years

Question 31

potentially active volcano (PHIVOLCS)

Answer 31

geomorphologically young volcano that is not erupting but is supposed to erupt

Question 32

inactive volcano (PHIVOLCS)

Answer 32

has not had an eruption in the last 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt again