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Petrology > Chemical Sedimentary Rocks > Flashcards

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

dominantly composed of calcareous components such as calcite, aragonite, dolomite, and siderite

A

carbonates

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2
Q

formed through precipitating from solutions as ions from evaporations

A

evaporites

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3
Q

dominantly composed of silica

A

siliceous

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4
Q

organic dominated rocks

A

organic carbonaceous

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5
Q

dominantly composed of iron

A

ironstones

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6
Q

dominantly composed of phosphates

A

phosphates

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7
Q

rocks dominantly composed of calcite

A

limestone

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8
Q

rocks dominantly composed of dolomite

A

dolostone

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9
Q

process where calcite carbonates are converted to dolomite

A

dolomitization

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10
Q

sand to gravel sized carbonate particles

A

grains/allochems

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11
Q

mud sized carbonate particles

A

micrite

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12
Q

formation of micrite by micro-boring activity of blue-green cyanobacteria

A

micritization

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13
Q

clastic carbonate dominantly composed of ooids

A

oolite

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14
Q

clastic carbonates dominantly composed of pisoids

A

pisolite

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15
Q

carbonate rocks with gravel-sized particles

A

calcirudite/dolorudite

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16
Q

carbonate rocks with sand-sized particles

A

calcarenite/dolarenite

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17
Q

carbonate rocks with mud-sized particles

A

calcilutite/dololutite

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18
Q

coarse limestone made up of poorly cemented shells and shell fragments

A

coquina

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19
Q

soft, porous variety of limestone

A

chalk

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20
Q

limestone commonly deposited in caves

A

travertine

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21
Q

stalactices, stalagmites, and columns

A

speleothems

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22
Q

limestone commonly deposited in hot springs

A

tufa

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23
Q

carbonate forming snails

A

molluscs

24
Q

carbonate forming shells

A

bivalves

25
Q

a class under the mollusca phyllum

A

gastropods

26
Q

carbonate forming sea urchins

A

echinoids

27
Q

carbonate forming sea lillies

A

crinoids

28
Q

single celled organisms composed of calcite

A

foraminifera

29
Q

carbonate forming corals

A

cnidaria

30
Q

important source of biogenic carbonates

A

algae

31
Q

red algae that encrust surfaces

A

rhodophyta

32
Q

green, rod shaped algae

A

chlorophyta

33
Q

yellow-green algae

A

nanoplankton

34
Q

prehistoric carbonate forming organisms

A

cyanobacteria

35
Q

phytoplankton with calcite

A

coccolithophore

36
Q

sequence of evaporite deposition

A

calcite; gypsum; anhydrite; halite; sylvite; carnallite

37
Q

diatoms

A

phytoplankton

38
Q

radiolaria

A

zooplankton

39
Q

non-clastic sedimentary rock made up of microcrystalline quartz

A

chert

40
Q

black chert

A

flint

41
Q

red chert

A

jasper

42
Q

green chert

A

prase

43
Q

concentric chert

A

chalcedony

44
Q

rocks with high concentration of phosphates

A

phosphorites

45
Q

calcium phosphate mineral

A

francolite

46
Q

fossilized feces that may be high in phosphates

A

coprolite

47
Q

precambrian, iron-rich rocks

A

banded iron formations

48
Q

rocks with high concentration of iron

A

ironstones

49
Q

Archean BIF formed 3.8 Ga - 2.6 Ga

A

algoma-type

50
Q

proterozoic BIF formed 2.6 Ga - 1.8 Ga and again from 0.8 Ga to 0.5 Ga

A

superior-type

51
Q

BIF deposited immediately during glaciation during the Snowball Earth period

A

rapitan-type

52
Q

organic-rich deposit that generally forms in swamps

A

peat

53
Q

remains of plant material that accumulates in anoxic underwater conditions

A

sapropel

54
Q

sedimentary rocks rich in solid organic matter

A

coal

55
Q

classification of coal based on how cooked they are

A

coal rank

56
Q

mudrocks rich in organic material that can be extracted in the form of oil or gas

A

oil shales

Petrology (10 decks)

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