Soil

Question 1

mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air

Answer 1

soil

Question 2

layer of rock fragments produced by weathering

Answer 2

regolith

Question 3

the study of physical and chemical properties of soil and its formation

Answer 3

pedology

Question 4

5 controls of soil formation

Answer 4

1. parent material
2. time
3. climate
4. organisms
5. topography

Question 5

zones of soils with varying compositions, texture, and structure found at different depths

Answer 5

horizons

Question 6

vertical section of all the horizons

Answer 6

soil profile

Question 7

washing out of fine soil components

Answer 7

eluviation

Question 8

depletion of soluble material from upper horizons

Answer 8

leaching

Question 9

constitutes the O and A horizon

Answer 9

topsoil

Question 10

constitutes the B horizon

Answer 10

subsoil

Question 11

made of the topsoil and subsoil

Answer 11

solum/true soil

Question 12

horizon that consists largely of organic material

Answer 12

O horizon

Question 13

horizon that is largely mineral matter, with biological activity is high and humus could be present up to 30%

Answer 13

A horizon

Question 14

horizon that is light colored where leaching and eluviation takes place with little organic material

Answer 14

E horizon/Zone of Eluviation and Leaching

Question 15

horizon where material from horizon E accumulates

Answer 15

B horizon

Question 16

horizon of partially altered parent material

Answer 16

C horizon

Question 17

horizon of unweathered parent material

Answer 17

R horizon

Question 18

system of soil classification based on the physical and chemical properties of the soil profile

Answer 18

soil taxonomy

Question 19

high-nutrient soil

Answer 19

alfisol

Question 20

volcanic soil

Answer 20

andisol

Question 21

desert soil

Answer 21

aridosol

Question 22

new soil

Answer 22

entisol

Question 23

permafrost soil

Answer 23

gelisol

Question 24

organic soil

Answer 24

histosol

Question 25

young soil

Answer 25

inceptisol

Question 26

prairie soil

Answer 26

mollisol

Question 27

tropical forest soil

Answer 27

oxisol

Question 28

conifer forest soil

Answer 28

spodosol

Question 29

low-nutrient soil

Answer 29

ultisol

Question 30

swelling clay soil

Answer 30

vertisol